高原人群出行拥挤感知与调适行为研究

为缓解高原城市节日期间部分路段人流过于密集的状况,对高原人群出行过程中的拥挤感知和调适行为进行研究。首先,在对高原人群高度自由走行速度、生理尺寸进行测定的基础上,采用连续人群流动模型分别对高原人群拥挤临界密度、人群运动速度减小时的人群密度和人群停滞状态时的最大密度进行测算,进而标定高原人群最大忍受密度为8.5人/m2。然后,选取雪顿节期间八廓南街人流短时间内高度聚集的状况进行拥挤状况评估,结果显示该路段人群密度为8.34人/m2,接近高原人群最大忍受密度,因此判定八廓南街存在拥挤事故风险。最后,依据基于层次分析法的高原人群拥挤感知影响因素分析结论,提出相应的调适行为措施,力求维护民族宗教节日期间高原城市公众正常的出行秩序。     

气泡混合土抗冻融循环性能试验研究

为解决冻土地区普通路基由于保温性能差导致的路基病害问题,采用保温隔热性能好的气泡混合土作为路基填料,可起到保护冻土、减少病害的作用。为探讨气泡混合土的抗冻性能,选取了不同容重的气泡混合土试件进行冻融循环试验研究,研究气泡混合土质量及强度损失规律,从而获知气泡混合土的容重对其抗冻性能的影响;进而,向气泡混合土试件中掺入玻璃纤维,探讨其对气泡混合土抗冻性能的增强作用。结果表明：气泡混合土的抗冻性能随着容重的增大而提高,表现为容重越大,所能经受的冻融循环次数越多,抗压强度和质量损失率越低;容重为800kg/m3的气泡混合土试件经过15次冻融循环后抗压强度迅速降低,经过100次冻融循环后,试件的质量损失达到9.2%;而容重为1 200kg/m3的气泡混合土试件在经过50次冻融循环后,抗压强度才开始明显降低,经过100次冻融循环后,试件的质量损失只有4.5%。玻璃纤维能显著提高气泡混合土的抗冻性能,其抗压强度损失率和质量损失率明显较未掺纤维的普通气泡混合土要小,且抗压强度和质量损失的速率明显降低;不同容重的气泡混合土试件掺入纤维后,经过50次冻融循环后,试件的抗压强度损失减少50%以上,质量损失减少40%以上。     

感应加热电源并联控制系统的通信设计与实现

基于西门子S7-200 SMART PLC和DSP处理器,设计了感应加热电源并联控制系统,建立了DSP和PLC之间、PLC与触摸屏HMI之间的通信协议并编写程序,实现了DSP与PLC之间的数据传输。实际应用表明:该系统通信效果良好,具有较强的实用价值。     

Geometric calibration algorithm of polarization camera using planar patterns

Polarization pattern provides additional information besides spectral signatures. It can be used in many applications, such as navigation, defect detection and object identification. A novel polarization camera composed of four synchronized cameras is proposed, and it can realize real-time polarization measurement. This study particularly concentrates on the geometric calibration of the system. The projection model is analyzed and the multi-camera calibration algorithm is proposed. Firstly, each camera is calibrated separately using planar patterns, and then the geometric calibration algorithms are performed. Due to the geometrical constraint, a global optimization method results in smaller estimation uncertainties. A mean rotation error of 0.025° and a mean translation error of 0.26mm are achieved after geometric calibration. The images are rectified to establish a correspondence among cameras and are combined to acquire the polarization measurement. The polarization pattern of the skylight is measured by the system and the results are consistent with the previous studies.     

Sensorimotor self-learning model based on operant conditioning for two-wheeled robot

Traditional control methods of two-wheeled robot are usually model-based and require the robot’s precise mathematic model which is hard to get. A sensorimotor self-learning model named SMM TWR is presented in this paper to handle these problems. The model consists of seven elements: the discrete learning time set, the sensory state set, the motion set, the sensorimotor mapping, the state orientation unit, the learning mechanism and the model’s entropy. The learning mechanism for SMM TWR is designed based on the theory of operant conditioning (OC), and it adjusts the sensorimotor mapping at every learning step. This helps the robot to choose motions. The leaning direction of the mechanism is decided by the state orientation unit. Simulation results show that with the sensorimotor model designed, the robot is endowed the abilities of self-learning and self-organizing, and it can learn the skills to keep itself balance through interacting with the environment.     

Design of car battery protection device based on torsion spring

In recent years, electric vehicles are developing rapidly in automotive industry. When involved in accidents, if the batteries of electric cars break, it is likely to cause a short circuit and start a fire. Aimed at this issue, a car battery protection device based on torsion spring has been designed. The car battery protection device can deform in a particular pattern in a collision accident. Impact energy of the accident is absorbed by the deformation, which can significantly reduce impact force on the batteries. Meanwhile, based on the principle of maximum energy absorption, some crucial parameters of the device can be determined. Furthermore, an impact simulation conducted on ANSYS software shows that maximum safety factors can be obtained when the material of car battery protection device is carbon steel. The analysis of “safe space” in the car battery protection device shows that the device can prevent battery damage effectively in general circumstances, which means the reliability of the device has been verified. Therefore, when applied to electric vehicles, the car battery protection device, which can prevent secondary accidents, significantly improves the vehicle security in accidents.     

交通指路标志信息量化分析

交通指路标志信息认知的水平直接影响出行者寻路的安全性和舒适性。对不同信息组织形式的交通指路标志进行标志信息理解实验,发现交通指路标志版面信息的位置及字符排列方向对信息的理解水平存在显著性影响。当标志上信息的位置与在路网中的相对位置相同,且字符排列方向没有旋转、与道路线形保持一致时,信息的理解水平较高;当标志上信息被移动或旋转时,信息的理解水平将降低42%~66%。     

GPS-RTK技术在铁路测量中的应用

介绍RTK技术应用于铁路定测的基本方法和步骤,通过应用实例证实了该技术的可行性和优越性。实践证明这种作业方法能够省掉不必要的中间环节,最大限度地减少外业工作量,从而缩短整个勘测工期。     

日本造船业的危机应对

接单策略偏于谨慎 2008年初时,日本各大船厂手持订单饱满,生产任务普遍排至2011年左右,而造船钢材价格却是一涨再涨,使得本来可以获利的订单转眼间变成赔本的生意,船厂的财务业绩因钢材上涨而面临巨大压力,接单越多可能最后亏损越多.     

FFA如何实现套期保值

2008年国内市场上集中出现一系列的衍生品交易亏损事件.如东航、国航燃油套保亏损,中信泰富澳元套保巨亏,深南电原油套保面临巨大风险,中国远洋的FFA亏损等.这些是继前几年"国储铜"和"中航油"事件之后,衍生品交易再度集中走进人们的视野.