������ɢʱ������OD���Ķ�̬��ͨ���䷽��

为了更确切地描述离散时间动态交通分配问题中各离散时段分配时的路网阻抗特性、更合理地反映各时段分配过程中出行者的出行行为,提出了一种基于消散周期OD量和差额OD量、分阶段分配的梯阶分配思想,它考虑了各离散时段分配前路网既有剩留交通量对后继离散时段OD用户出行选择的影响,更符合实际. 通过融合相继平均法,设计了梯阶分配算法,并据此对数据结构做了适应性补充. 示例路网下新算法与相继平均算法的数值模拟结果表明,新算法分配结果能够更为客观真实地反映现实交通中的动态现象,仿真度更高.
最后给出了梯阶分配思想在现实中的应用.     

震后钢筋混凝土梁式桥快速鉴定方法

针对目前我国桥梁结构震后鉴定普遍采用的专家打分法鉴定程序模糊、结果人为差异性大的缺点,提出一种应用于震后钢筋混凝土梁式桥安全性的快速评估方法。该方法在分析钢筋混凝土梁式桥常见震害的基础上,对地震中桥梁组成构件的破坏程度提出了定量和定性的判断标准。鉴定时首先利用层次分析法确定各构件对整体结构安全性的影响权重,然后利用模糊数学方法对各类构件进行a~d级隶属度分析,得出各类构件的等级矩阵,再将构件权重向量和构件的等级矩阵相乘,进行综合模糊评价,得出结构整体的安全性等级评定结果。通过算例证明,该方法简单易行,层次清晰,鉴定结果较为合理。     

石英砂特性对内燃机空气滤清器原始过滤效率测试结果的影响

对用于内燃机空气滤清器性能评价的A、B、C 3种270目石英砂的粒径分布和形态特性进行了分析,并分别以其为试验尘对空气滤清器的原始过滤效率进行了测试。结果表明,使用石英砂A、B、C作为试验尘时,同一滤清器的原始过滤效率分别为99.30%、99.55%与99.70%。分析了空气滤清器过滤效率和发动机磨损的关系,并得出空气滤清器的灰尘透过率对汽车大修里程有着重大影响的结论。     

变速器静态换挡负载测试平台的构建与试验分析

精确的换挡负载是机械式自动变速器(AMT)执行机构选型的重要依据。本文中构建了一种结构简单、成本低廉的测试变速器选、换挡力的试验台,并对关键部件进行选型。为永磁同步执行电机提出一种转速控制算法,以实现精确的速度控制;在测试试验台上对不同挡位的换挡过程进行换挡力测试,并分析换挡速度对换挡负载的影响。结果显示试验台可有效准确地测试变速器的换挡负载,为手动挡变速器的设计与优化以及AMT执行器的选型提供指导意义。     

Modeling stochastic perception error in the mean-excess traffic equilibrium model

In this paper, we extend the α-reliable mean-excess traffic equilibrium (METE) model of Chen and Zhou (Transportation Research Part B 44(4), 2010, 493-513) by explicitly modeling the stochastic perception errors within the travelers’ route choice decision processes. In the METE model, each traveler not only considers a travel time budget for ensuring on-time arrival at a confidence level α, but also accounts for the impact of encountering worse travel times in the (1 − α) quantile of the distribution tail. Furthermore, due to the imperfect knowledge of the travel time variability particularly in congested networks without advanced traveler information systems, the travelers’ route choice decisions are based on the perceived travel time distribution rather than the actual travel time distribution. In order to compute the perceived mean-excess travel time, an approximation method based on moment analysis is developed. It involves using the conditional moment generation function to derive the perceived link travel time, the Cornish-Fisher Asymptotic Expansion to estimate the perceived travel time budget, and the Acerbi and Tasche Approximation to estimate the perceived mean-excess travel time. The proposed stochastic mean-excess traffic equilibrium (SMETE) model is formulated as a variational inequality (VI) problem, and solved by a route-based solution algorithm with the use of the modified alternating direction method. Numerical examples are also provided to illustrate the application of the proposed SMETE model and solution method.     

Simulation and Analysis on the Combustion Chamber of DI Diesel Engines with Spray-wall Impingement

为改善燃烧室内喷雾的空间分布,促进油气更好地混合,设计了一种新的直喷式柴油机撞壁喷雾燃烧室.对不同喷孔夹角在燃烧室内形成的近撞(包括全撞和半撞)及远撞喷雾方式的缸内混合气形成与燃烧过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明,从燃空比分布来看,半撞喷雾方式混合气最均匀,全撞方式次之,远撞方式最差.至于排放,远撞喷雾方式生成的NO排放最低,而半撞喷雾方式生成的碳烟排放最低.     

A New Fusion Chemical Reaction Optimization Algorithm Based on Random Molecules for Multi-Rotor UAV Path Planning in Transmission Line Inspection

A fusion chemical reaction optimization algorithm based on random molecules (RMCRO) is proposed to meet the special demand of power transmission line inspection. This new algorithm improves the shortcomings of chemical reaction algorithm by merging the idea of repellent-attractant rule and accelerates convergence by using difference algorithm. The molecules in this algorithm avoid obstacles and search optimal path of transmission line inspection by using sensors on multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The option of optimal path is based on potential energy of molecules and cost function without repeated parameter adjustment and complicated computation. By compared with an improved particle swarm optimization (IMPSO) in different circumstances of simulation, it can be concluded that the new algorithm presented not only can obtain more optimal path and avoid to trap in local minimum, but also can keep related sensors in a more stable status.     

整流电路的控制策略

提出了适用于三电平PWM整流的空间电压矢量法,对电压空间矢量的工作原理进行了简单的介绍.     

公路沥青路面水损坏原因及防治对策

从目前己建成的部分公路使用调查情况表明,沥青路面早期所出现的各种病害如坑槽、唧浆、剥落、龟裂、下陷等大部分是因水的侵蚀引起。水己成为造成公路沥青路面早期损坏,降低使用寿命的主要自然因素。因此,如何最大程度地避免地下水和地表水对沥青路面造成的水损坏是保证沥青路面稳定和良好的使用功能的关键防治对策。     

改性沥青SMA路面施工技术与研究

从改性沥青SMA的结构特点和性能入手,结合以往的经验与教训,从改性沥青SMA的配合比设计、施工工艺2个方面进行深入研究,提出了真正保证其优良性能得以实现的方法与施工中的具体措施。