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非明挖工法在都市施作时,常因困难地质(如卵砾石层)或障碍物而造成施工困难、工期延误或发生灾损。本文主要针对非明挖施工法里的管推进施工法(Pipe-jacking Method),探讨管推进工法施工时可能遭遇的困难,以及施工困难状况下之管材土体互制行为。探讨的施工困难包括超挖、挤压、卡钻等问题。本研究针对超挖范围、卡钻位置、阻力大小以及推进力施加位置等,以ABAQUS有限元素软件进行三维数值仿真,探讨直线推进施工中的问题。 相似文献
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Transportation - Bike-sharing systems have been popular in addressing the “last mile” problem in public transit. However, service providers have found challenges when soliciting... 相似文献
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This paper presents an observer design for SCR mid-catalyst ammonia concentration estimation using tailpipe NOx and ammonia sensors. Urea-SCR has been popularly used by Diesel engine powered vehicles to reduce NOx emissions in recent years. It utilizes ammonia, converted from urea injected at upstream of the catalyst, as the reductant
to catalytically convert NOx emissions to nitrogen. To simultaneously achieve high SCR NOx conversion efficiency and low tailpipe ammonia slip, it is desirable to control the ammonia storage distribution along the
SCR catalyst. Such a control method, however, requires a mid-catalyst ammonia sensor. The observer developed in this paper
can replace such a mid-catalyst ammonia sensor and be used for SCR catalyst ammonia distribution control as well as serves
for fault diagnosis purpose of the mid-catalyst ammonia sensor. The stability of the observer was shown based on the sliding
mode approach and analyzed by simulations. Experimental validation of the observer was also conducted based on a medium-duty
Diesel engine two-catalyst SCR system setup with emission sensors. 相似文献
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藉由文献回顾設計出运具选择、行为調查、道路使用状况、是否曾违规、曾发生事故之状况等問卷题目,以中国文化大學为研究对象,探讨通學環境之便利性、多樣性、安全性與滿意度,应用統計方法與交叉分析,研究中国文化大學學生行为表现與通學環境之关联性,以期能提供學校及政府改善通學環境之参考。 相似文献
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