新型船用吸声材料泡沫铝

扼要介绍了用熔体发泡法制造泡沫铝的制造过程 ,泡沫铝孔径为 2～ 7mm,孔隙率为 80 %～ 90 % ,最大制品尺寸为 60 0 m× 60 0 mm× (8～ 40 0 ) mm。重点研究了泡沫铝的吸声性能、热学性能、阻尼性能、机械性能、吸湿性能及无毒性能。结果表明 ,泡沫铝是一种综合性能良好的新型吸声材料。平均吸声系数可达 0 .4～ 0 .5 2 ,且随孔径的减小 ,孔隙率、厚度的增大 ,吸声性能提高。压缩加工对泡沫铝的吸声性能有很大影响 ,压缩率为 40 %时 ,吸声性能最好。泡沫铝导热系数仅为未发泡铝的 1 /60 0 ,远远低于大理石 ,也低于石棉板 ;耐火温度可达 80 0℃。其内耗比致密铝高 3～ 7倍 ,比高阻尼 Zn-Al合金高 2～ 4倍。其强度为几个 MPa数量级。它不吸湿 ,吸湿率为 0 .0 % ,无毒性。     

Total oil spill costs and compensations

Although counteracting environmental programmes and policies have been strengthened, large oil spills still occur at irregular intervals. The total oil spill costs and their compensations have attracted much interest from various parties, such as local stakeholders, and state and federal governments. This paper addresses five major cost categories whose aggregations are expected to cover the overall direct and indirect costs after the release of an oil spill. Among them, research costs should not be neglected, since they tend to be high if public attention has been drawn to the case. Through an examination of the relationship between the total oil spill costs and their admissible claims, we found that:

1. admissible claims do not cover the overall costs of the oil spill, and
2. admissible claims cannot be compensated in full in the case of large spills.

Clearly, a sound oil spill contingency management aims to minimize both the environmental impacts of areas most at risk and the total oil spill costs. In this paper an economic model for measuring environmental damages following an oil spill is addressed and applied to the Prestige case which happened to be the worst oil pollution in the history of Spain. The model indicates how an ideally a priori economic evaluation may intuitively help managers to make informed as well as fast decisions in contingency cases.     

船舶除锈机器人驱动系统设计

介绍了应用在船舶除锈的磁吸附爬壁机器人本体驱动系统的设计,着重阐述了系统的驱动原理和驱动电路。系统以89c51单片机为核心,通过键盘以及通信接口可以方便的控制步进电机带动机器人本体运动,充分发挥了单片机的优势。实验表明,系统电路设计合理,简单实用。     

受电弓参数测定方法的研究

对单自由度欠阻尼振动特性进行理论推导,得出其一般运动规律,并利用此规律对受电弓参数进行测定。对于框架归算质量的测量,考虑到其结构是一个复杂的空间杆件结构,测量比较困难,于是采用单频稳态正弦激振方法得到其归算质量。     

Feedforward and Crone Feedback Control Strategies for Automobile ABS

Summary As mechatronic subsystems and especially new emerging technologies for brake systems are more and more developed, a new control architecture for ABS is proposed. The control architecture is designed using both feedback and feedforward controls that command pressure-controlled proportional servo-valves. The methods are developed to compensate for the uncertainty associated with the state of the road surface. The advantages of this strategy compared to the existing ABS strategy are discussed including simulations results using a complete vehicle and brake system model.     

隧道信息化施工技术与监控量测

以广东省梅河高速公路第十二合同段隧道工程施工监测的规划、实施和信息化施工管理,谈必测项目的监测方法及利用量测结果修改设计指导施工的体会。     

利用残余力概念进行结构损伤识别

提出一种利用残余力进行结构损伤识别方法。用刚度损伤系数将有限元模型参数化来描述结构的损伤。用特征值和特征向量预测算法构造目标函数,利用两点交叉算子的二进制代码的遗传算法反复迭代优化刚度损伤系数,获得待测结构的损伤系数、损伤位置与损伤程度的信息。通过一个平面桁架对该方法进行验证,结果表明:利用残余力概念进行损伤识别所得结构的损伤系数与理论值很接近。该方法能够较准确地判断结构的损伤位置和损伤程度。     

基于DSPC64x的视频图像采集与处理系统

介绍了一个采用通用高速数字信号处理器（DSP）构成的图像采集与处理系统。该系统是为小型舰船提供一个能用自带的粗略水平基准进行天文导航而开发的。文章分别从硬件和软件两部分对系统进行了设计说明，硬件部分以DM642为核心，软件部分采用自适应阚值分割、小波变换和Hough变换等算法。系统设计的目的是通过对水天线图像的处理，以实现对舰船的横摇／纵摇角度进行快速、准确的测量。     

关于雷电防护的一些认识

指出现代防雷应考虑被保护对象、防护等级、地域情况等诸多因素，采取灵活适宜的防雷，由此讨论几种可行的防雷措施；简要介绍几种常用的避雷器及其优缺点，并提出选择避雷器时需注意的问题；对几个比较模糊的防雷观念的认识（接闪器、消雷器、雷电流的反击现象）进行阐述；最后，概述防雷技术的现状与趋势。