A phenomenological model for dynamic traffic flow in networks

A macroscopic model for dynamic traffic flow is presented. The main goal of the model is the real time simulation of large freeway networks with multiple sources and sinks. First, we introduce the model in its discrete formulation and consider some of its properties. It turns out, that our non-hydrodynamical ansatz for the flows results in a very advantageous behavior of the model. Next the fitting conditions at junctions of a traffic network are discussed. In the following sections we carry out a continuous approximation of our discrete model in order to derive stationary solutions and to consider the stability of the homogeneous one. It turns out, that for certain conditions unstable traffic flow occurs. In a subsequent section, we compare the stability of the discrete model and the corresponding continuous approximation. This confirms in retrospection the close similarities of both model versions. Finally we compare the results of our model with the results of another macroscopic model, that was recently suggested by Kerner and Konhäuser [Phys. Rev. E 48, 2335–2338 (1993)].     

秦岭当归的生药学研究

作者对民间药秦岭当归的来源、生药性状、显微组织结构,粉末特征以及薄层层析定性、挥发油含量测定等方面进行了系统的生药学研究,并与当归进行了比较。同时,应用原子吸收分光光度法对其所含铜、锌、锰、铁等8种微量元素进行了测定。从而为秦岭当归的鉴别,品质评价,质量标准的制定及进一步的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

Shape Optimization of Elliptical Road Containers Due to Liquid Load in Steady-State Turning

A numerical analysis of liquid load in elliptical road containers undergoing a steady-state turning manoeuvre is presented for containers of unrestricted size and for containers of fixed capacity. The liquid load is expressed in terms of the horizontal and vertical forces and the overturning moment created by these forces around the middle bottom point of the container. The moment is obtained by integrating the liquid free-surface equation and using numerical calculation of the resulting expressions. An optimization study with an objective to minimize the peak overturning moment is performed on containers of fixed capacity to identify the optimal height/width ratio of the container. The results of this investigation being of a general nature, i.e. with no restriction for an application, are particularly intended for road tankers under a steady turning manoeuvre, where they can be applied with high degree of accuracy.     

汽车动力总成弯曲振动应力响应及其激励灵敏度分析

本文利用文献（５）建立的汽车动力总成弯曲有限元分析模型，计算分析离合器壳的动应力响应，并考察了动应力关于不平衡质量位置的灵敏度，对计算分析进行了实验验证。     

A stated preference examination of time of travel choice for a recreational trip: An addendum

A paper was published in the immediately previous issue of this journal describing a stated preference experiment examining how people are influenced in the selection of a departure time for a hypothetical trip to see a movie. The title was ‘A stated preference examination of time of travel choice for a recreational trip’, Volume 30(3):17–44. Numbers were used to indicate references in the text of the paper and in Table 1 accompanying the text, but these numbers were omitted from the list of references at the end of the paper - making it very difficult to identify specific citations. The list of references from the paper is reprinted below with the reference numbers included. This provides a listing that can be used in conjunction with the text of the paper and Table 1 as published to identify specific citations as intended.     

现代高速列车座椅乘坐舒适性设计综述

为适应我国铁路向高速化，舒适化方向发展的趋势，研究了列车座椅舒适性设计的原理，分析座椅结构形式，设计出适合我国人体尺寸在第５％ ～９５％ 分位人体尺寸之间乘坐舒适的座椅结构几何参数。     

Young drivers and graduated licensing: The Ontario case

Despite improvements in road safety over the past several decades, accident rates remain high for young drivers. One accident countermeasure that is expected to improve the safety record of this group is graduated licensing. The philosophy behind this licensing system is that novice drivers, of whom the majority are young, should be restricted to relatively safe driving environments during the initial learning period. Graduated licensing was implemented in the Province of Ontario, Canada in 1994. The objective of this study is to estimate the potential benefits and costs for young drivers associated with two components of the Ontario graduated licensing package: the late-night driving curfew and the high-speed roadway restrictions. Based on accident and travel data for the year 1988, accident-involvement rates per kilometre driven were calculated for different driver groups for various combinations of time of day and roadway speed limit. These rates were then applied to the expected mobility profiles of young drivers affected by graduated licensing. The results of the study support the late-night curfew and suggest that this component of the licensing package should reduce total accident involvements for the affected group by up to 10 percent and fatal accident involvements by up to 24 percent, while reducing their total driving by only four percent. By contrast, the empirical evidence suggest that the high-speed roadway restrictions are likely to increase accident involvements, and thus it is strongly recommended that this component of Ontario's graduated licensing package be changed.     

丰田汽车的辉煌成就探因

1997年东南亚金融危机以来,对该地区汽车工业带来了相当的影响,日本也未能幸免.由于日本国内汽车市场疲软,汽车销量下跌,多数企业经济效益滑坡,一些厂家财政出现赤字,生存受到危胁.