新型单层保温海底管道节点防水研究

单层保温海底管道的管端(节点)防水是应用于海洋工程的关键技术之一。文中主要选用防水材料SPUA制作适用于海底保温输送管道管端防水的新型防水结构,并进行了该防水结构在模拟水下环境下的防水实验研究。实验结果表明:SPUA涂层结构施工方便、环保、质量可控,材料成本较低,经济效益明显,可应用于浅海水域的单层保温管,具有很好的应用前景。     

船舶管理信息系统研发

经校企双方多年合作,采用先进船舶管理理念和标准化代码、运用国际先进的船岸通讯技术开发出的船舶管理信息系统完全符合国际、国内船舶管理行业的业务要求,该系统的研发成功对我国航运界实现船舶信息化和数字化管理起到了积极作用．     

Up‐to‐the‐minute information as we drive—how it can help road users and traffic management

Road transport of today has a substantial need for a better information system. The European research programmes PROMETHEUS and DRIVE offer the prospect of new techniques and strategies. The role of information in road transport is analysed from the viewpoint of the individual drivers and from the viewpoint of the traffic manager. All necessary information must be brought together and a complex data‐bank system for road transport should be installed. As examples of advanced information systems the concepts of the ‘Wolfsburg wave’ for in‐car speed recommendation and of the LISB field experiment in route guidance in Berlin are explained.     

Measuring crowding-related comfort in public transport

ABSTRACT

In this paper we focus on the estimation of crowding in public transport – specifically urban rail systems – and its effect on perceived comfort. It is different from similar studies in the method it employs for estimating crowding levels in vehicles. Specifically, we formulate a function of time and location, which uses only passenger embarking data to estimate the number of passengers in vehicles. Then we convert the estimated crowding values into perceived discomfort levels by trip section. Our method depends on hourly seasonality assumptions but provides good estimates of crowding in urban rail systems even when passenger alighting data is not available. We illustrate the implementation of our model with the example of the Istanbul Metro system.     

公交车辆气路系统压缩空气品质的维护研究

气路系统对公交车辆的安全至关重要,随着气路系统中控制元件和用气设备的发展,对压缩空气品质提出了更高的要求,压缩空气达不到品质标准就会对系统元件造成伤害,从而影响气路系统效能,甚至导致安全隐患或安全事故,因此气路系统可靠性直接影响公交车辆的安全行驶.空气的水分含量对压缩空气品质起着决定性作用,本文通过分析气路系统中压缩空气水分的危害、析出水分的原因、存在的安全隐患问题及成因,提出了加强气路系统维护,确保气路系统压缩空气品质符合气路元件和装置的要求;要求气路系统排污到位,确保空气干燥器充分发挥作用等措施,并通过实际应用效果予以验证.     

船舶法定证书安全检查缺陷案例分析

船舶法定证书是指由有关公约的一个缔约国或由代表缔约国经认可的机构，或由船旗国或由船旗国经认可的机构，经法定检验后直接签发的，包括准确和有效的日期，符合有关公约、规则规定并载明船舶、船员和设备细目的格式化证书。     

The subjective measurement of seafarers’ fatigue levels and mental symptoms

Human error is the most important factor causing many ship accidents in maritime industry despite advanced technology and international regulations. Fatigue in seafarers is a well-known problem and a serious cause of ship accidents. There are many factors unique to the marine environment raising the potential for fatigue at sea. Due to the difficulties in measuring human fatigue and also in suggesting fatigue to be a root cause of accident, it is important to devise methods to detect and quantify the fatigue and mental symptoms. In this study, ‘Piper Fatigue Scale’ (PFS) has been used for measuring fatigue level and ‘Symptom Checklist 90- Revised’ (SCL-90-R) for detecting the severity of mental symptoms. Data analyses were performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. According to the results of PFS analysis, a slight degree of fatigue is detected in all sub-dimensions of the scale. According to the results of SCL-90-R analysis, the distress of mental symptoms perceived by seafarers is not generally highly detected. In conclusion, the purpose of this study is to determine, by using subjective measurements, the fatigue level and mental symptoms among seafarers caused by working conditions on-board.     

The impact of activity chaining on the duration of daily activities

There is a broad body of theoretical and empirical literature dealing with trip chaining behaviour. This paper adds to the literature while focusing on the impact of activity chaining on the duration of time spent on individual purposes. Two questions in particular are addressed: first, does an additional purpose added to a trip chain affect the duration of the activities included? Second, is there any pattern of included activities that explains differences in duration? Duration data models are employed using German data. We find evidence that the number of purposes influences duration significantly. Leisure, shopping and personal business activities are affected by the occurrence of obligatory activities (work, school/university). We cannot find any evidence that personal business or leisure activities influence the duration of shopping, whereas the opposite is supported. Therefore, in terms of daily activities, obligatory and shopping activities are superior to leisure and personal business. We conclude that activity chaining and especially the pattern of combined purposes affect the duration of activities allocated to single purposes while controlling for a wide range of other explanatory variables. The results can be used in transport and simulation models.     

某轻型客车采暖系统边界条件的研究

针对某轻型客车在寒冷环境中采暖性能不达标的问题,根据该款样车寒带采暖试验数据和采暖系统结构特点,对车辆在采暖时系统供给热量和需求热量进行了分析。在需求热量的基础上,对满足该轻型客车采暖性能的边界条件进行分析,并提出了采暖系统结构优化方案,将采暖系统暖风换热器串联结构优化为并联结构。最后进行环境舱采暖试验验证,结果表明,采暖系统边界条件值具有一定的可参考性,优化后的采暖系统能够满足整车采暖国标要求。