MMFX-2钢筋性能综述和抗腐蚀性现场实验

水泥混凝土桥面钢筋腐蚀是一普遍且复杂的问题,采用替代钢筋能有效地预防或延缓钢筋腐蚀,而近年应用的MMFX-2钢被认为具有更好的抗锈蚀性能。印第安纳州交通厅对现有的MMFX-2钢的研究成果进行了综合分析,并修建了现场试验桥面以长期评价MMFX钢筋抗腐蚀能力。同普通碳钢相比,MMFX-2钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度更高、抗腐蚀性更好,但没有明显的屈服点。试验桥面铺装的实验结果表明,施工竣工不久至竣工两年期间,MMFX-2钢筋腐蚀很少,混凝土中氯化物含量没有达到钢筋去钝化水平,但在桥面铺装上部氯离子浓度显著增加。笔者建议对于氯化物影响较大场合的混凝土桥面铺装,如果希望提供二次腐蚀保护时,可考虑使用MMFX-2钢。     

Fine sediment deposits in shelf seas

From field observations it appears that the top layer of a shelf bottom in general exhibits an intricate geographical pattern of sediment formations. Sediments of different composition are confined in distinct regions. This contradicts the idea that current and wave forces stir up bottom sediment and disperse it in a random way over the shelf; the dispersal process is counteracted by sorting mechanisms. In this paper the bottom patterns of fine cohesive sediments are considered. A specific sorting mechanism is studied which may explain the patchy structure of fine sediment deposits. It is shown that fine sediments can be trapped in bottom deposits which contain a fine sediment fraction high enough to prevent pore water motion in the shelf bed. This mechanism opposes sediment dispersal away from existing deposits. It may also explain the formation or the preservation of mud patches, even in regions where the bottom shear stress is relatively high.     

模拟流体-弹性结构相互作用分析的ISPH-TLSPH耦合方法研究（英文）

A fully Lagrangian algorithm for numerical simulation of fluid-elastic structure interaction(FSI) problems is developed based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH) method. The developed method corresponds to incompressible fluid flows and elastic structures. Divergence-free(projection based) incompressible SPH(ISPH) is used for the fluid phase, while the equations of motion for structural dynamics are solved using Total Lagrangian SPH(TLSPH) method.The temporal pressure noise can occur at ...     

砂灰比和砂的级配对CA砂浆抗压强度和流动性的影响

通过调整砂与水泥的质量比和调整2种单级配砂的质量比,研究了砂灰比和砂的级配对CA砂浆的抗压强度和流动性的影响。结果表明：随着m（S）／m（C）的增大,低强和高强CA砂浆的流动性都变差,但低强CA砂浆流动性的变化幅度较小;随着m（S）／m（C）的增大,高强CA砂浆的抗压强度降低,而低强CA砂浆的抗压强度呈升高的趋势;使用两级配砂能够提高CA砂浆的抗压强度并改善其流动性,粒径为0．42-0．21mm的砂与粒径0．85-0．30mm的砂的最佳质量比为6：4。     

长大编组列车纵向动作用力遥测系统

介绍了俄罗斯长大编组列车纵向动作用力遥测系统。试验结果表明,测试值和计算值的最大差值在±5%以内。     

Computational Vibration Analysis of Vehicle Shimmy by a Power-Work Method

This paper presents the simulation of vehicle shimmy for a mid-size truck with focus on a computational analysis tool that measures the power and corresponding work in dissipating the excitation energy. After a review of shimmy theory the power and work equations and their response classification in vibrating systems are introduced. Next, model validation compares the full vehicle model to an actual test vehicle. Finally, two designs that suppress shimmy in the test vehicle are analyzed in the model by the power-work method, showing components that effectively dissipate the shimmy energy.     

Scattering of oblique surface water waves by thin vertical barrier over undulating bed topography

The present study deals with the scattering of oblique surface water waves by small undulation on the bottom in the presence of a thin vertical barrier. Here, three different configurations of vertical barriers are investigated. Perturbation analysis is employed to determine the physical quantities, namely, the reflection and transmission coefficients. In this analysis, many different Boundary Value Problems (BVPs) are obtained out of which the first two bvps are considered. The zeroth order bvp is solved with the aid of eigenfunction expansion method. The first order reflection and transmission coefficients are derived in terms of the integrals by the method of the Green’s integral theorem. The variation of these coefficients is plotted and analyzed for different physical parameters. Furthermore, the energy balance relation, an important relation in the study of water wave scattering, is derived and checked for assuring the correctness of the numerical results for the present problem.     

A 3D, finite element model for baroclinic circulation on the Vancouver Island continental shelf

This paper describes the development and application of a 3-dimensional model of the barotropic and baroclinic circulation on the continental shelf west of Vancouver Island, Canada. A previous study with a 2D barotropic model and field data revealed that several tidal constituents have a significant baroclinic component (the K1 in particular). Thus we embarked on another study with a 3D model to study the baroclinic effects on the residual and several selected tidal constituents.The 3D model uses a harmonic expansion in time and a finite element discretization in space. All nonlinear terms are retained, including quadratic bottom stress, advection and wave transport (continuity nonlinearity). The equations are solved as a global and a local problem, where the global problem is the solution of the wave equation formulation of the shallow water equations, and the local problem is the solution of the momentum equation for the vertical velocity profile. These equations are coupled to the advection-diffusion equation for density so that density gradient forcing is included in the momentum equations. However, the study presented here describes diagnostic calculations for the baroclinic residual circulation only.The model is sufficiently efficient that it encourages sensitivity testing with a large number of model runs. In this sense, the model is akin to an extension of analytical solutions to the domain of irregular geometry and bottom topography where this parameter space can be explored in some detail.In particular, the consequences of the sigma coordinate system used by the model are explored. Test cases using an idealized representation of the continental shelf, shelf break and shelf slope, lead to an estimation of the velocity errors caused by interpolation errors inherent in the sigma coordinate system. On the basis of these estimates, the computational grid used in the 2D model is found to have inadequate resolution. Thus a new grid is generated with increased accuracy in the region of the shelf break. However, even with increased resolution, spurious baroclinic circulation seaward of the shelf break and in the vicinity of Juan de Fuca canyon remained a significant problem when the pressure gradient terms were evaluated using the σ coordinate system and using a realistic density profile.With the new grid, diagnostic calculations of the barotropic and baroclinic residual circulation are performed using forcing from the observed σ_t (density) field and from the gradient of this field.     

Towards a dynamic discrete-choice model of household automobile fleet size and composition

The emphasis on energy consumption in studies of traveller behaviour has led to increased interest in the development of policy sensitive models of automobile demand. In recognition of the fuller dimensions of automobile demand, a number of studies have considered choice amongst types of automobiles as well as number of automobiles. With rare exception, existing studies have concentrated on either type choice or number choice. In all instances the approach has been static. This paper develops a series of linked discrete-choice models to explain household automobile holdings (type and number) and adjustments in the holdings over time. The empirical study is part of an initial data effort leading up to the development of a full scale longitudinal panel of Sydney households. A model system based on a retrospective panel of 354 households, interviewed in 1980, is reported herein. The model is dynamic in the sense that it allows for prior decisions, brand loyalty and the costs of transacting.