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21.
In 1991 the Philippine government shifted many coastal management responsibilities to local governments and fostered increased local participation in the management of coastal resources. In their delivery of integrated coastal management (ICM) as a basic service, many local governments have achieved increasing public awareness of coastal resource management (CRM) issues. Continuing challenges are financial sustainability, inadequate capacities, weak law enforcement, and lack of integrated and collaborative efforts. To address these challenges, a CRM certification system was developed to improve strategies and promote incentives for local governments to support ICM. This system is being applied by an increasing number of local governments to guide the development and implementation of ICM in their jurisdiction. The CRM benchmarks required for a local government to achieve the first level of certification are: budget allocated, CRM related organizations formed and active, CRM plan developed and adopted, shoreline management initiated and two or more best practices implemented. Implementation is providing tangible benefits to communities through enhanced fisheries production associated with MPAs, revenues from user fees and enhanced community pride through learning exchanges and involvement in decisions, among others. 相似文献
22.
Kari Edison Watkins Alan Borning G. Scott Rutherford Brian Ferris Brian Gill 《Transportation》2013,40(5):961-980
Although it is apparent that providing useful information has a positive effect on transit riders, no studies to date have investigated bus operators’ reactions to real-time arrival information and other potential rider information tools. In this study, the project team surveyed 253 bus operators to determine their views and values concerning the existing use of real-time information and to ask about future transit rider information applications. Almost all operators (93 and 91 % on two separate questions) were positive or neutral to the provision of real-time information. In addition, operators were receptive to building other new information applications, with all applications in the survey being supported by at least 60 % of the bus operators. The two most widely supported potential applications in the survey were additional tools to help blind and deaf-blind riders (89 % of bus operators favored) and an application that would aid riders in identifying physical stop, shelter and bus issues such as graffiti, broken parts or a need for lights (88 % of bus operators). Applications displaying data about past performance or current bus capacity received the least support (66 and 61 % respectively). This research gives a better understanding of the impact of rider information tools on bus operators, including the views and values of the operators, and the harms and benefits of such tools. 相似文献
23.
Alan J. Horowitz 《运输规划与技术》2013,36(1-2):139-153
Transportation network data structures must be designed to meet the requirements of the analyses being conducted and must be compatible with the selected graphical user interface. Increasing interest in geographic information systems (GIS) and intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have further burdened the network data structure. It is possible to implement object oriented programming (OOP) technology to satisfy these needs, without making the data structure excessively complicated. This paper shows how a well‐developed network data structure can incorporate major capabilities normally associated with stand‐alone GIS's. The design of a network data structure derives from both theoretical and practical considerations. A design of a network data structure, composed entirely of objects, is presented. Examples of its implementation, limitations, advantages, and possible extensions are drawn from experience with the General Network Editor (GNE). 相似文献
24.
25.
For many image classification tasks, color histogram is usually employed as an important “signature” to describe the color
distribution of the image and infer the image content. However, most traditional color histograms cannot achieve satisfactory
results in many image classification systems. In order to improve the accuracy and reduce the computational complexity of
the classification task, an information-based color feature representation is proposed in this paper. The mutual information
between the feature and the class label is adopted to evaluate the discriminative power of the feature. A novel quantization
scheme is presented, which removes the redundant color components and combines the adjacent components together to generate
a new feature to maximize the discriminative ability. An iterative algorithm is performed to derive the color space quantization
and color feature generation. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed color representation, a specific image
classification task, i.e., differentiating the adult images from benign ones, is employed. Experimental results show that
our color feature achieves better classification performance and better efficiency compared with the traditional color histogram. 相似文献
26.
Aileen P. Maypa Alan T. White Elline Caňares Raffy Martinez Rose Liza Eisma-Osorio Porfirio Aliňo 《Coastal management》2013,41(5):510-524
Quantifying progress in management of marine protected areas (MPAs) is crucial to marine conservation and fisheries management in the Philippines. This study compiles data on the status, occurrence, and management gaps of MPAs through coordination with multiple organizations supporting and guiding MPAs in the Philippines. MPA management effectiveness was measured using a MPA Rating System. Since 2002 the modal MPA rating levels increased from level 1 (initiated) to level 4 (sustained) in 2008/9. This upward trend is attributed to factors that promoted both the establishment and improved management of MPAs. Analysis indicated that: (1) most MPAs struggle with budgetary constraints or lack of sustainable financing and (2) overall the MPAs are being maintained and progressing with notable improvement in management despite a range of difficulties encountered during the implementation process. For MPAs in the Visayan Region for which biophysical data were available, the MPA Rating System was used to assess the effectiveness of local government capacity building on MPA coral reef health. Our results suggest that MPAs with higher ratings are likely to have better reef health conditions. 相似文献
27.
Recreation: Marine Promise, Proceedings of the National Conference on Marine Recreation Susan H. Andersen, Ed., October 2–4, 1975, Newport Beach, California Parable Beach: A Primer in Coastal Zone Economics by J. W. Devanney III, G. Ashe, and B. Parkhurst, The MIT Press, 1976, 99 pp. Marine Recreational Fisheries, Proceedings of the First Annual Marine Recreational Fisheries Symposium Henry Clepper, ed., New Orleans, Louisiana, February 27, 1976. 相似文献
28.
Since the economic reforms in the late 1970s, the shipbuilding industry in China has enjoyed rapid growth. Over the past two decades, many new building contracts have been won and successfully completed. However, some shipyards have also suffered great losses. Basing on their experience in Southern China, the authors examine some of the major challenges that Chinese shipbuilders faced during this transitional period, when the industry ventured into the international market. These challenges are broadly categorized into two areas: (i) external factors, such as inflation and infrastructural support that the shipbuilder had no control over, and (ii) shipbuilding management, which the shipbuilder had to master in order to gain competitive advantage. Suggestions on how these problems could be tackled are discussed. 相似文献
29.
David A. Evans H. Spencer Banzhaf Dallas Burtraw Alan J. Krupnick Juha Siikam?ki 《Transportation》1994,21(2):229-230
Contributors to this issue 相似文献
30.
Transportation planning has for too long been unbalanced in that an excessive amount of time has been spent on building increasingly complex quantitative models at the expense of rather important aspects of the design and forecasting stages of the process. This paper therefore sets out to consider two related problems: that of forming a coherent and useful link between the design and evaluation stages and that of suggesting a method of dealing with probabilistic forecasts within the evaluation model.The solutions to both of these problems are linked. It is suggested that the structure of and variables contained within the formal evaluation model must also necessarily play a part in the scheme design or selection process. This process is itself seen as one of hierarchical selection wherein classes of scheme or solution are successively more explicitly identified as sensibly different and, where possible, the preferred class is identified. Central to this taxonometric procedure is the idea of sensible differentiation between classes whose characteristic performance is only known uncertainly and some algorithms for achieving this are suggested. 相似文献