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151.
Edmondo Di Pasquale Daniel Coutellier 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2017,18(4):631-642
Head on bonnet impact is becoming more and more important in automotive design as regulations on pedestrian safety become more demanding. Despite the relatively low amount of energy involved, these impacts are truly dynamic phenomena as the event duration is comparable with the traveling time of the different wavefronts generated by the impact. In this paper, we show that we can build up a simplified model for the impact based on wave propagation analysis. Using this model, we can analyze head acceleration on existing bonnets or predict it on new ones. Head acceleration in a bonnet impact can thus be estimated over the whole area of the bonnet with a few minutes of CPU. 相似文献
152.
In the connected vehicles, connecting interfaces bring threats to the vehicles and they can be hacked to impact the vehicles and drivers. Compared with traditional vehicles, connected vehicles require more information transfer. Sensor signals and critical data must be protected to ensure the cyber security of connected vehicles. The communications among ECUs, sensors, and gateways are connected by in-vehicle networks. This paper discussed the state-of-art techniques about secure communication for in-vehicle networks. First, the related concepts in automotive secure communication have been provided. Then we have compared and contrasted existing approaches for secure communication. We have analyzed the advantages/disadvantages of MAC and digital signatures for message authentication and compared the performance and limitations of different cryptographic algorithms. Firewall and intrusion detection system are introduced to protect the networks. The constraints and features of different intrusion detection approaches are presented. After that, the technical requirements for cryptographic mechanism and intrusion detection policy are concluded. Based on the review of current researches, the future development directions of the automotive network security have been discussed. The purpose of this paper is to review current techniques on automotive secure communication and suggest suitable secure approaches to implement on the in-vehicle networks. 相似文献
153.
Jungyong Wang Ayhan Akinturk Neil Bose Stephen J. Jones Yun Young Song Ho Hwan Chun Moon Chan Kim 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2008,13(3):244-255
The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of a model azimuthing podded propulsor in ice-covered water.
Model tests were carried out with two different depths of cut into the ice (15 and 35 mm), two different ice conditions (presawn
and pack ice conditions), and four different azimuthing angles. The depth of cut is the maximum penetration depth of the propeller
blade into the ice block. The 0.3-m-diameter model propeller was operated in a continuous ice milling condition. Ice loads
were measured by several sensors which were installed in various positions on the model. Six one-axis pancake-style load cells
on the top of the model measured the global loads and two six-component dynamometers were installed on the shaft to measure
the shaft loads. One six-component dynamometer was attached to the one of the propeller blades inside the hub to measure the
blade loads. The pod unit and propeller performance in ice are presented. Ice-related loads, which were obtained when the
blade was inside the ice block, are introduced and discussed. During the propeller–ice interaction, a blade can experience
the path generated by the previous blade, which is called the shadowing effect. The effects of shadowing, depth of cut, azimuthing
angle, and advance coefficient on propulsor performance are presented and discussed. 相似文献
154.
Khanh Toan Dam Katsutoshi Tanimoto Eldina Fatimah 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2008,13(3):223-230
This paper presents a discussion of the characteristics of ship waves in a narrow channel restricted by vertical walls, based
on observed data and the results computed by a 2-D model. In the numerical model, the propagation of waves generated by a
moving ship is simulated by solving 2-D depth-integrated Boussinesq equations. To get the boundary conditions at the location
of the ship, the slender-ship approximation is employed. A field observation was carried out at a straight length of navigation
channel. The ships targeted in the observations are two kinds of waterbuses with lengths of 28 and 24 m. The relative depth
Froude number for the river current, an appropriate parameter for assessing the influence of the current on ship wave characteristics
in a navigation channel, ranged from 0.47 to 0.76. The observed maximum wave height varied between 0.13 and 1.26 m. The maximum
wave height of the wave train is sharply increased when the relative depth Froude number exceeds 0.6. The results computed
by the present model agree fairly well with the observed data. 相似文献
155.
基于SPH方法的波浪对水平板冲击的数值模拟(英文) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A numerical model was established for simulating wave impact on a horizontal deck by an improved incompressible smoothed particle
hydrodynamics (ISPH). As a grid-less particle method, the ISPH method has been widely used in the free-surface hydrodynamic
flows with good accuracy. The improvement includes the employment of a corrective function for enhancement of angular momentum
conservation in a particle-based calculation and a new estimation method to predict the pressure on the horizontal deck. The
simulation results show a good agreement with the experiment. The present numerical model can be used to study wave impact
load on the horizontal deck. 相似文献
156.
Yu Sik Kong Jiyoung Yu Young Whan Park 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2018,19(6):1055-1059
This study was carried out to investigate the creep life at the high temperature of the Alloy 718 for automotive engine components using the initial strain parameter method (ISPM). Creep tests have performed at elevated temperatures in the range of 550 oC to 700 oC in this work. We also carried out constant stress creep tests. The initial strains were measured during 1 minute after loading. Both the creep stress and rupture time depend on the initial strain. We calculated the creep life of Alloy 718 by using the creep life prediction equations obtained from the ISPM. Then, we compared the creep life predicted by the ISPM to the Larson-Miller parameter (LMP). The experimental rupture time and the calculated rupture time by using the ISPM agreed with a confidence level of 95 %. The creep life predicted by using the ISPM was in very good agreement with the creep life predicted using the LMP method. 相似文献
157.
Radu Alexandru Ionut Cofaru Corneliu Tolea Bogdan 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2017,18(6):1017-1025
The aim of the paper was to determine the kinematic parameters that influence the occupant injury risk through a mathematical model. The developed model is a 2D model composed of 4 bodies (2 vehicles, thorax and head). The head and thorax are interconnected with a rotation joint and a torsion spring meant to stiffen the relative movement between the bodies. The thorax is connected with the vehicle body by a linear spring meant to simulate the seatbelt stiffness. The model was solved using Lagrange principle and the validation of the model was made through a crash test performed using the same initial conditions and comparing the obtained values of the displacement, velocity and acceleration parameters with the ones obtained with the mathematical model. The head and torso were chosen due to the fact that they are the common parts of the body that get injured, especially the head with the change of 80 % to cause fatal injury in car’s frontal collision. Once the model was validated, the stiffness of the seatbelt was modified in order to determine the behavior of the occupant in case of car frontal collisions. When the seatbelt stiffness was reduced, the occupant displacement and velocity increased, while by increasing the stiffness, these parameters decreased. The values of the developed model presented a high degree of similarity with the results obtained from the crash test with an error of 10 %. This model can be used by engineers to easily asses the occupant injury risk in case of vehicle frontal collisions. 相似文献
158.
The effect of uniform current on the generation of flexural gravity waves resulting from initial disturbances at a point was
analyzed in two dimensions. The problem was formulated as an initial boundary value problem under the assumptions of the linearized
theory of water waves. By direct application of the Laplace transform and then the Fourier transform, explicit expressions
for the velocity potential and free surface elevation were obtained in integral forms; these were evaluated asymptotically
for large distances and times by the application of the method of the stationary phase to obtain the far field behavior of
the surface elevations in specific cases. Simple numerical computations were performed to illustrate the effect of uniform
current on the surface elevation, wavelength, phase velocity, and group velocity of the flexural gravity waves and on the
far field behavior of the progressive waves in two different cases, namely, when there is an initial depression concentrated
at the origin and an initial impulse concentrated at the origin. 相似文献
159.
George Simopoulos Dimitris Konovessis Dracos Vassalos 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2008,13(2):164-177
In the light of the newly developed harmonised probabilistic damage stability regulations, set to come into force in 2009,
this article presents a systematic and thorough analysis of the sensitivity of the Attained Subdivision Index with reference
to a wide range of related design parameters. The sensitivity of the probabilistic regulations was investigated for a typical
large RoPax vessel, with variation of parameters, such as the number, positioning and local optimisation of transverse bulkheads;
the presence and position of longitudinal bulkheads below the main vehicle deck; the presence of side casings; and the height
of the main deck and double bottom. The effects of water on deck and of operational parameters (draught, centre of gravity
and trim) were also investigated. The results of the study, presented in graphical form, can provide valuable assistance to
the designer when determining subdivision characteristics at the very early stage of the design process, resulting in optimal,
efficient and safe ships. 相似文献
160.
An acoustic vector sensor (AVS) can capture more information than a conventional acoustic pressure sensor (APS). As a result, more output channels are required when multiple AVS are formed into arrays, making processing the data stream computationally intense. This paper proposes a new algorithm based on the propagator method for wideband coherent sources that eliminates eigen-decomposition in order to reduce the computational burden. Data from simulations and lake trials showed that the new algorithm is valid: it resolves coherent sources, breaks left/right ambiguity, and allows inter element spacing to exceed a half-wavelength. 相似文献