Extension of Newell's dispatching policy to the case of sensitive demand

This paper has extended Newell's dispatching policy to the case of sensitive demand which is characterized by a linear mode split model with two major factors, wait time and transit fare. Three objective functions both with and without vehicle capacity constraint are analyzed, including profit maximization, maximization of a combination of net user benefit and operator profit, and maximization of net user benefit subject to a deficit constraint. Closed-form solutions associated with various system parameters are obtained. It is shown that under sensitive demand conditions the optimal dispatching rate is approximately proportional to the square root of the total demand rate, if vehicle size is not binding and it is strictly proportional to the total demand rate, if vehicle size is binding.     

Carrier selection in a RO/RO ferry trade Part 1. Decision factors and attitudes

The choices faced by shippers are generally complex. Typically, the shipper is presented with a range of alternative carriers, each of which has its individual strengths and weaknesses. A survey of companies purchasing shipping services in an overnight RO/RO ferry trade was conducted to identify their priorities and to help understand and the decision-making process. The shippers were found to be conservative decision makers with a strong emphasis on quality of service.     

Modeling oil spills in a river—lake system

A general model shell, ROSS3, is developed for simulating oil spills in complex river systems using techniques which have not been previously exploited in oil spill models. ROSS3's new approach has several advantages over the approach to model oil spills in the past: (a) The use of a time-varying boundary-fitted coordinate system that allows accurate accounting for complex river/lake boundary as well as the river boundary changes as its water levels fluctuate; (b) The ability to confine two-dimensional hydrodynamic computations to a limited river reach; (c) The ability to interactively layout the channel networks for setting up the model, define extra cross sections to increase the accuracy if needed, in addition to the traditional data entry and visualization interfaces.ROSS3 is a two-layer two-dimensional oip spill model that can simulate the mechanism of advection, horizontal diffusion, mechanical spreading, shoreline deposition, evaporation, dissolution, vertical mixing, resurfacing and sinking. In ROSS3 spilled oil may be a surface slick or suspended oil droplets, or a combination of both. Both free surface and ice cover conditions can be simulated. The flow of conditions can be varied and the unsteady flow model can be run within ROSS3 to simulate the flow conditions in both the river and the lake. The ice conditions can be added or removed from the model input using easy interactive procedures.     

The choice of ship size on deep-sea general cargo routes

The introduction of unit load methods, particularly the cellular container system, has been associated with a large increase in ship size on some of the world's major general cargo routes. In this sector, ship size is determined by a set of interactions between handling performance, route length, traffic flow, itinerary, requirements for frequent and regular service, port costs and general system organization. This paper explores these relationships to identify major influences and to consider the prospects for further growth.     

INTERFERON γ－INDEPENDENT EFFECTS OF INTERLEUKIN 12 ADMINISTERED DURING ACUTE OR ESTABLISHED INFECTION DUE TO LEISHMANIAMAJOR

ＩＮＴＥＲＦＥＲＯＮγ－ＩＮＤＥＰＥＮＤＥＮＴＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＩＮＴＥＲＬＥＵＫＩＮ１２ＡＤＭＩＮＩＳＴＥＲＥＤＤＵＲＩＮＧＡＣＵＴＥＯＲ　ＥＳＴＡＢＬＩＳＨＥＤＩＮＦＥＣＴＩＯＮＤＵＥＴＯＬＥＩＳＨＭＡＮＩＡＭＡＪＯＲＺｈｅｎｇＳｈｉｃｈｕｎ；Ｗ...     

CONSTRUCTING POLYCOMPETITOR CDNAS FOR QUANTITATIVE PCR

ＣＯＮＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＮＧＰＯＬＹＣＯＭＰＥＴＩＴＯＲＣＤＮＡＳＦＯＲＱＵＡＮＴＩＴＡＴＩＶＥＰＣＲＳ．Ｌ．Ｒｅｉｎｅｒ，Ｚｈｅｎｇ，Ｓｈｉｃｈｕｎ；Ｄ．Ｂ．Ｃｏｒｒｙ，Ｒ．Ｍ．Ｌｏｃｋｓｌｅｙ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｅｄｉｃｉｎｅａｎｄＭｉｃｒｏ...     

Trip characteristics of selected israeli cities

Over the last 15 years travel patterns were investigated in 15 urban settlements in Israel. The results indicate an unusual combination of high trip generation by dwelling unit and low motorization rates.The diversity of socio-economic characteristics of population groups, as well as that of city size distribution, are reflected both in motorization rates and in trip generation.     

Fatigue damage in the side shells of ships

More than 40% of the registered fatigue cracks in ship structures are observed to occur in the side shell, more specifically in the connections of longitudinals to transverse web frames. The fatigue damage is caused partly by vertical and horizontal wave-induced hull bending and partly by outside water pressure on the side shell. Due to the non-linear nature of the outside water pressure the fatigue damage of the combined stress cannot be solved via a traditional frequency domain analysis. This paper solves the combination problem by application of a realistic wave model. The proposed model is used to analyze a segregated ballast tanker, and the results are compared to previously registered fatigue cracks. The analysis shows that it is very important to include the water pressure in the fatigue analysis, as this accounts for the majority of the expected fatigue damage. The analysis is performed for both I-shaped and L-shaped stiffeners.     

A comparative study of the dynamic behaviour of a fast patrol boat travelling in rough seas

This paper describes a comparative study between full scale measurements recorded on a fast patrol boat encountering heavy winter seas, south of the Isle of Wight and theoretical predictions accounting for the slamming behaviour of the flexible hull. A hydroelastic approach is adopted and satisfactory agreement between measured and predicted responses demonstrated.