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141.
142.
Jerzy Ejsmont Stanislaw Taryma Grzegorz Ronowski Beata Swieczko-Zurek 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2018,19(1):45-54
Temperature is a very important factor controlling rolling resistance of road vehicle tyres. There are at least three different temperatures that may be considered as important factors controlling thermal conditions of the rolling tyre. The most common measure of the thermal conditions during tyre rolling is ambient air temperature. The other two are: pavement temperature and “tyre” temperature. Tyre temperature is the most difficult to establish, as temperatures of different parts of rolling tyres differ considerably, thus there is a problem to obtain representative values. In the authors’ opinion, air temperature is the most universal and reliable parameter to measure. The article presents results obtained in the Technical University of Gdańsk during laboratory and road measurements of different car tyres rolling on different pavements. The knowledge of rolling resistance characteristics is important for modelling car dynamics as well as fuel consumption. It is also necessary to establish proper test conditions in the future standardized on-road method of measuring rolling resistance. The results indicate that generally each tyre and pavement combination is influenced by the air temperature in a unique way, but at the same it is possible to propose some general influence factors that may be used to normalize measurements to the standard temperature of 25 °C. 相似文献
143.
Edmondo Di Pasquale Daniel Coutellier 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2017,18(4):631-642
Head on bonnet impact is becoming more and more important in automotive design as regulations on pedestrian safety become more demanding. Despite the relatively low amount of energy involved, these impacts are truly dynamic phenomena as the event duration is comparable with the traveling time of the different wavefronts generated by the impact. In this paper, we show that we can build up a simplified model for the impact based on wave propagation analysis. Using this model, we can analyze head acceleration on existing bonnets or predict it on new ones. Head acceleration in a bonnet impact can thus be estimated over the whole area of the bonnet with a few minutes of CPU. 相似文献
144.
V. Alkan S. M. Karamihas G. Anlas 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2011,12(4):529-535
To investigate static tire enveloping characteristics, a three dimensional (3-D) finite element model is proposed. The vertical
stiffness of the tire is studied on a flat surface with and without cleat. Tire rubber materials and cord layers are represented
independently using “rebar” elements available in MSC Marc Mentat. Comparisons of numerical and experimental results are given
to show the validity of the proposed model. It is shown that after a certain displacement, the results of the proposed model
agree well with experimental results. In addition, the model results show that regardless of the type of the cleat placed
under the rim center (hub center), all vertical force curves intersect after a certain displacement, which indicates typical
static enveloping characteristics. Moreover, another typical characteristic of the radial tires that is unlike those of bias-ply
constructions confirms that the contact patch does not expand laterally after a level vertical load is applied to the tire,
which is directly related to fuel consumption and tire tread life. 相似文献
145.
Shin Hyung Rhee Boris P. Makarov H. Krishinan Vladimir Ivanov 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2005,10(4):173-180
This study was concerned with the free-surface wave flow around a surface-piercing foil. The volume of fluid method implemented
in a Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics code was employed. Three widely used discretization schemes for the volume
of fluid method were assessed for a test case that involved general ship waves, spilling breaking waves in front of the leading
edge, and bubbly free surfaces in separated regions. A single computational approach was selected for the comparison, and
a grid-dependence study was carried out. The computational results were validated against existing experimental data, showing
good agreement. The validation results suggest that all three discretization schemes perform well, but the best and most efficient
results were obtained using the high-resolution interface capturing scheme. 相似文献
146.
This paper presents the joint optimization of signal setting parameters and dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) traffic assignment for the congested urban road network. The simulation-based approach is employed to obtain the DUE condition for the case of multiple-origin multiple-destination traffic flows. The dynamic traffic assignment simulation program (DTASP), developed in C language is used to assign the traffic dynamically on the road network, whereas method of successive averages (MSA) is modified and used to arrive at the DUE condition. The artificial intelligence technique of genetic algorithms (GAs) is applied to obtain the optimal signal setting parameters and path flow distribution factor for DUE condition. The methodology developed in such a way that joint optimization of signal setting parameters with DUE is obtained. The proposed method is applied to the real network data of Fort Area of Mumbai city comprising of 17 nodes and 56 unidirectional links with 72 Origin–Destination pairs, where all the 17 nodes are signalized intersections. The traffic flow condition for the optimized signal setting parameters is considerably improved compared to the existing signal settings. The results prove that the GA is an effective technique to solve the joint optimization problem for the real network data. 相似文献
147.
Development of hot stamped center pillar using form die with channel type indirect blank holder 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. S. Choi B. M. Kim K. J. Nam S. Y. Ha S. H. Cha C. G. Kang 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2011,12(6):887-894
The hot stamping process has been used in the automotive industry to reduce the weight of the body-in-white and to increase
passenger safety via improved crashworthiness. However, defects such as fracture and wrinkle occur when hot stamping is performed
using a conventional drawing or forming method. In this study, a channel-type indirect blank holder (CIBH) is proposed to
develop a high-strength center pillar in form-type hot stamping, so that the aforementioned drawbacks are overcome. This type
of blank holder plays an important role in reducing severe wrinkling at the flange; such wrinkling leads to folding after
the completion of form-type hot-stamping. First, we investigated the effect of the channel shape on the indirect blank holding
force by using a simplified two-dimensional plane-strain stamping process. Second, we selected the slope angle and corner
radius of the channel as the main shape parameters by finite element analysis and artificial neural network (ANN). It is known
that fracture at the hot formed wall and wrinkle at the flange are significantly affected by the slope angle of the channel,
and the appropriate value for eliminating fracture and wrinkle is determined to be 99°. By performing hot stamping using a
form die with the selected channel, we can manufacture a high-strength center pillar without wrinkle and fracture. 相似文献
148.
WT. Wu J.P. Tang G. Li Scientific Forming Technologies Corporation Reed Road Columbus Ohio - U.S.A. 《上海交通大学学报(英文版)》2000,(1)
l.IntroductionThemostboortantdrivingforceinmanufacturillistoPrOduCeabetterPrOductatalowercost.GenerallyeffecthemethodsinchideshOrtenintheleadtiminthedesigncyCle,andredUcinthetoolingcostandmaChinedOWnmeatProductionst4e.AllOfthemrewtabettertmderstandingofhO… 相似文献
149.
AlterationIntroductionThereisastrongini6ractionamongtemPetalrefield,strCssfield,andmicrosttuctutulaltOrationinm8terialsduringtheirhotworking[l'2].Especiallyduringthecoolingprocess,inwhichtemPeratorechangnsgreatly,intendionsbecomemorecomplexbecauseoftransformationoccurmnce.Duringthehotdeformation,thingswillaPpearsuchas:a.hotdeformation,relatedtostressfieId,changesessentiallytheshaPeofmaterialsandcausesthevariationofthecontactstatebetWeenthedieandsample,resultinginchangeofthethermalboundnyco… 相似文献
150.
J. Ejsmont S. Taryma G. Ronowski B. Swieczko-Zurek 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2016,17(2):237-244
Tyre load and inflation pressure are important factors controlling rolling resistance of road vehicles. The article presents results obtained in the Technical University of Gdańsk during laboratory and road measurements of different car tyres rolling on different pavements. The knowledge of rolling resistance characteristics is important for modelling car dynamics as well as fuel consumption. It is also necessary to establish proper test conditions in the future standardized on-road method of measuring rolling resistance. The results indicate that while an increase of load always leads to the increase of rolling resistance force, the influence on Coefficient of Rolling Resistance is more complicated and unpredictable. They also indicate that tyres with high rolling resistance are more sensitive to inflation pressure changes than low rolling resistance tyres. 相似文献