Study of the post-derailment safety measures on low-speed derailment tests

Prevention of train from derailment is the most important issue for the railway system. Keeping derailed vehicle close to the track centreline is beneficial to minimise the severe consequences associated with derailments. In this paper, the post-derailment safety measures are studied based on low-speed derailment tests. Post-derailment devices can prevent deviation of the train from the rail by catching the rail, and they are mounted under the axle box. Considering the different structures of vehicles, both trailer and motor vehicles are equipped with the safety device and then separately used in low-speed derailment tests. In derailment tests, two kinds of track, namely the CRTS-I slab ballastless track and the CRTS-II bi-block sleeper ballastless track, are adopted to investigate the effect of the track types on the derailment. In addition, the derailment speed and the weight of the derailed vehicle are also taken into account in derailment tests. The test results indicate that the post-derailment movement of the vehicle includes running and bounce. Reducing the derailment speed and increasing the weight of the head of the train are helpful to reduce the possibility for derailments. For the CRTS-I slab ballastless track, the safety device can prevent trailer vehicles from deviating from the track centreline. The gearbox plays an important role in controlling the lateral displacement of motor vehicle after a derailment while the safety device contributes less to keep derailed motor vehicles on the track centreline. The lateral distance between the safety device and rails should be larger than 181.5?mm for protecting the fasteners system. And for the CRTS-II bi-block sleeper ballastless track, it helps to decrease the post-derailment distance due to the longitudinal impacts with sleepers. It can also restrict the lateral movement of derailed vehicle due to the high shoulders. The results suggest that, CRTS-II bi-block sleeper ballastless track should be widely used in derailment prone areas.     

承载力不足盖梁的加固设计

通过对一桥墩盖梁裂缝形成原因的分析,对其结构的安全性进行评估并提出加固方案。从设计角度提出预防结构裂缝或裂纹的措施,以期在结构中避免由于设计原因产生的裂缝或安全隐患。探讨对承载能力严重不足的结构进行综合加固处理的思路和方法。     

马鹿箐隧道高压富水大体量充填性溶腔处治技术

宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道DK255+978处通过一高压富水隐伏溶腔,先后发生多达19次的突涌水(泥)灾害.在对该高压富水隐伏岩溶的处治中,系统地运用了释能降压原理,释放了溶腔所存储的能量,降低了水土压力对隧道的稳定性影响.释能降压技术主要采取了综合地质预报手段探明溶腔边界、内部充填物特性和分布特征等,并根据溶腔的水压、水量测试结果进行排水系统规划、钻孔泄水,采用控爆措施揭开溶腔,并进行实时预警预报监控.结果表明,运用释能降压技术处治马鹿箐+978溶腔,规避了岩溶溃水的风险,取得了良好的效果.     

三跨连续刚构桥静力试验分析

本文以乐山市某三跨连续刚构桥为例,对结构的应变、挠度和裂缝等参量进行测试,分析结构的刚度、强度和抗裂性能,评定桥梁实际承载能力,达到为同类桥型设计和施工积累资料数据的目的.     

高架立交桥交汇处病害分析

以重庆嘉陵江滨江路朝天门高架立交桥B、C线交汇处为例,对立交桥3个连续桥跨和1个简支桥跨的桥面、墩间跨空心板、伸缩缝及简支跨支座等的病害进行全面普查,分析桥梁病害产生的原因,为桥梁的加固和整治工作提供了合理依据.     

随机疲劳长裂纹扩展率的新概率模型

为实现在全应力强度因子范围合理进行结构安全性分析,提出了概全门槛值和断裂韧度的随机疲劳长裂纹扩展率的新概率模型。考虑了平均应力效应,以给定应力强度因子下裂纹扩展率服从对数正态分布为基础,考虑数据分散性规律和试样数量对概率评价的影响,将存活概率和置信度相融合,由线性回归结合极大似然原理确定概率模型的参数。通过对铁道车辆LZ50车轴钢试验数据的分析表明,模型从数学上良好描述了疲劳长裂纹从裂纹启裂到瞬时断裂的整个随机过程,比较Paris、Elber和Forman模型拟合试验数据表明,该模型相关系数最大,拟合效果最好。     

系杆拱桥吊杆更换设计

该文以杭州市叶青兜桥的吊杆更换工程为背景,简要介绍了该桥吊杆更换的设计和施工。     

基于动态BP算法的非线性系统预测控制

以包含滞后环节的非线性系统为对象,提出一种增加动态特性的动态BP（Back Propagation）学习算法。该算法以传统BP算法为基础,在多层感知机网络的第1隐层和输出层分别引入可调节的自适应延迟参数,并通过误差梯度对其进行修正,实现了对滞后系统的建模和延迟时间的辨识。进而将该算法与神经网络自适应控制器相结合,提出了一种基于神经网络模型的预测控制结构。仿真结果证明了方法的有效性。     

基于支持向量机的液压调节器多类故障辨识

针对目前故障诊断中故障数据样本获取及特征提取困难的问题,分析了液压调节器的4种典型故障,建立了基于支持向量机的多类故障分类器,并直接将少量的时间序列信号作为分类器的输入。实验结果表明,在小样本情况下,不必对信号预处理以提取特征,该分类器便可实现液压调节器的多类故障分类,证明该方法是有效、可行的。     

7 500 t浮吊海浪激励下的谐响应分析

应用有限元软件ANSYS建立500 t浮吊三维计算模型,以规则海浪载荷作用下船舶摇荡运动加速度作为基础激励,采用谐响应分析方法计算起吊7 500 t载荷时浮吊在海浪作用下的动力响应.计算结果表明,海浪方向为90°时浮吊动力响应比较大;吊重起升至比较高位置时,浮吊动力响应比较大;因船舶横摇大于纵摇,故浮吊的横向位移大于纵向和垂向位移,钢丝绳-吊重横向摆角大于纵向摆角;臂架的最大动应力出现在根部主弦杆处,海浪载荷引起的浮吊结构动应力小于材料屈服强度.