高速公路交通流建模综述

交通流建模是智能交通自动控制、分析、设计、仿真和决策的前提, 历来是交通工程界的一个重要的研究课题, 分三条主线(宏观交通流模型、微观交通流模型、其它交通流模型) 对交通流建模的发展做了详细介绍, 并在文末提出了对交通流建模今后发展的展望     

Railway Vehicles with Perfect Curving Behaviour Which are Asymptotically Stable at Vanishing Speed

Paper deals with the linear behaviour of a railway vehicle with any arbitrary number of wheelsets, body parts and connecting elements. A vehicle which has both perfect curving properties and asymptotical stability at vanishing speed, has to satisfy a twofold condition, indicated by Wickens in 1978. In the present paper this condition is derived in reliance upon the dimension theorem for linear mappings. How the investigation can be executed in practice, is shown for the case of a two-axled vehicle. At last the behaviour in a transition curve is discussed.     

When are subsidies to trans-European network projects justified?

The trans-European transport network (TEN-T) encompasses the major planned transport infrastructure in Europe, ranging from high speed rail to port infrastructure. Projects in this category are considered priority projects and receive European subsidies; but these have been insufficient to get these projects off the ground. This paper addresses two research questions. First, it sketches the basic economics of cross-boundary infrastructure projects: what pricing and investment policies can we expect, what is the role of through traffic and high fixed costs of infrastructure? Second, it examines briefly what lessons the EU could draw from the experience of other existing federal funding institutions like the US and Germany. These ideas are used to propose a new subsidy scheme for the TEN-T projects.     

Stated adaptation surveys and choice process: Some methodological issues

The "Stated Adaptation" survey is an interactive technique which allows us to obtain a clearer picture of the attitudes and behaviours of individuals when confronted with hypothetical situations, in particular inexperienced travel conditions. This method makes use of a simulation game whose purpose is to explore on small samples individuals' choice processes when selecting between the different transport alternatives which are available to them. This paper describes how gaming-simulation is designed, with reference to the issues tackled by two surveys which have recently been carried out in France (reactions to urban road pricing and perception of electric vehicles). It describes the benefits of this experimental approach which allows stated behaviours to be checked to a considerable degree. The limits and potential developments of this survey technique are also discussed.     

尘肺X线胸片的计算机辅助诊断

用模拟和数字两种方法增强图象，以突出病灶，然后运用新颖的区域生长法识别、测量单个尘肺小阴影，通过统计运算进行尘肺病的诊断和分期。此种辅助诊断方法，提供信息直观可靠。３０例Ｘ线胸片密集度测定结果，与矽肺病期级别相一致。     

基于AQWA的旁靠油轮水动力相互作用研究

船舶旁靠系统的水动力响应是一个非常复杂的工程问题,系统中每一个结构的动力响应会受到其他结构的耦合影响。针对两旁靠FPSO和LNG运输船组成的旁靠系泊系统,基于三维势流理论,应用多体水动力学软件AQWA,在考虑两船间水动力相互作用的情况下,计算两旁靠船舶所受到的波浪载荷,并与不考虑两船水动力相互作用的计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明,旁靠系泊系统水动力相互作用是不可忽略的。同时也分析了不同旁靠间距对水动力性能的影响,结果发现旁靠间距只在中高频段时对水动力性能的影响较大。研究结果可为旁靠系统系泊方案的设计和研究提供一定的参考。     

有轨电车和轻轨车辆的防碰撞性

为提高有轨电车和轻轨车辆的防碰撞性,研制了防碰撞的车体结构,并进行了试验验证。     

An optical tire contact pressure test bench

An optical tire contact pressure test bench developed by the IMMa group is described. The measurement system is based on the frustration of total internal reflection (FTIR) of light. The test bench allows performing normal pressure distribution and patch contact shape measurements on passenger car tires. The system is based on the use of a laterally illuminated glass on which the tire leans. Between them a plastic interphase is located that will cause the FTIR of light. A video camera catches the formed shining image through the glass. The brightness level in each pixel of the image can be related to the existing normal pressure. The study of the contact patch provided by the bench makes it possible to characterize tire behaviour under different loading states, inflation pressure, tire defects and toe and camber angles. The bench incorporates a computerized load and control system of the tire operation parameters, an image acquisition module and a data acquisition system that allow monitoring and acting on the experimental variables of interest in the tests such as load on the tire and environmental conditions. A supporting mechanical system incorporated to the bench allows providing the tire with variable toe and camber angles. From the images obtained with this system, the maximum normal pressure points, total force, size and shape of the patch can be determined, which are related to the tire-use conditions. As an application example, results that show the patch size and shape under different load and tire inflation pressures are presented. A further application, which is the use of the system for the detection and study of defective tires is also presented.     

优化GM(1,1)模型在桥梁静载试验中应用

设计一种适用于桥梁静载荷试验中极不完备数据条件下的优化GM(1,1)模型。使用3个前置神经网络模块替换传统模型中的微分拟合过程,利用神经网络的回归能力对其进行优化,使用1个后置神经网络模块结合1个数据解模糊模块替换传统模型的数据还原过程,其他数据处理方式沿用传统模型的数据处理方式。经过仿真计算,发现不同桥梁设计规模下,优化模型的标准差显著低于传统模型,证实优化模型具有较显著的算力提升。     

An investigation of a semiactive suspension for a fork lift truck

This paper investigates the feasibility of a semiactive suspension of the cabin of a fork lift truck as a way of reducing the effect of harmful vibrations on the health of truck drivers. A suspension based on MR fluid dampers has been designed and implemented on an actual vehicle and heuristic control strategy has been developed, which preserves the filtering properties of the passive suspension when the vehicle moves in a straight line with a constant velocity and suppresses the large amplitude pitch and roll motion during turns and braking. Field tests have demonstrated a substantial comfort improvement with respect to the passive suspension, during the braking and turning phases, without any noticeable detrimental effects.