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171.
The past quarter of a century has brought with it significant change in the field of port management, both in terms of the goals that are set and the tools used. This trend has resulted in increased pressure on port authorities. The purpose of this paper is to deal in greater detail with developments in this area of port economics. 相似文献
172.
Y. Shen M. F. Golnaraghi G. R. Heppler 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2007,45(4):297-312
In this paper, a load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological (MR) damper is investigated. In this suspension system, the MR damper is connected to a spring to form a load-leveling suspension system. The system effective stiffness and damping can be adjusted by controlling the MR damper. The characteristics of a load-leveling suspension system are studied first. When the linear damper is replaced with an MR damper, the averaging method is adopted to obtain the steady-state response of the nonlinear system. A comparison demonstrates that the results of the averaging method are in good agreement with those obtained by numerical simulations. The analytical results are then verified experimentally. The load-leveling suspension system studied here is able to adjust both suspension stiffness and damping and, hence, it may provide more effective vibration control in a wider frequency range, when the damper is controlled. 相似文献
173.
台湾唯一之海底隧道系采沉埋方式施工,该隧道不仅处于具高度盐份腐蚀之不利环境,且位于软弱地盘上.于营运二十余年后,轻微异状已有显现,如管段接头锈蚀、管体渗漏及管体裂损等异状.上述异状可能为接头构件变形、管体变位/变形及结构劣化等影响隧道安全之前兆,甚至降低其耐震能力;因该隧道肩负港区及区域经济发展之运输重任,如何藉由整体性体检进行安全评估及研订适当之维护补强对策,为计划执行重点;故本文将说明隧道接头、结构体等隧道重要构件之检测调查(如地球物理、钢筋腐蚀、裂缝深度、氯离子试验、防蚀电位、接头防水等项目)、数值分析及自动化监测(接缝计、单元沉陷仪、结构倾斜仪、电位计等)等综合评估结果及维护补强对策,以提供工程界日后参考. 相似文献
174.
Martin F. Diez-Picazo 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2007,6(2):241-247
A cross-cutting Maritime Policy can ensure that climate change threats and challenges in regards to seas and oceans are dealt
with in a wide policy framework that takes into account the impacts that climate change may have on other sectors and vice
versa. 相似文献
175.
刘贵 《变流技术与电力牵引》2007,(2):52-57
燃料电池(FC)通常输出直流低压.受工作条件影响,其输出电压不稳定,且动态响应明显慢于瞬变负载的要求,因此在许多应用中,燃料电池发电机必须与负载以及其它可能的能源/电源相连接.基于这些原因,燃料电池堆输出功率、蓄电池/超级电容器的输入/输出功率必须经过电力电子变换器进行调节.阐述了与燃料电池功率输出调节有关的主要问题,尤其考虑了在2种最重要的应用场合(微分布式发电或联产发电和运输系统)下,与其相连的.电力电子变流器的特定要求.主要讨论了燃料电池功率调节专用的DC/DC变换器的基本电路结构,着重考虑PEMFC技术. 相似文献
176.
177.
This paper investigates the relationship between the dwelling time of trains and the crowding situations at Mass Transit Railway (MTR) stations in Hong Kong. Regression models were established for the dwelling delays of trains due to congestion at stations, and a simulation model making use of the Monte-Carlo technique is developed to assess the reliability of the estimated train dwelling time. Therefore, the distribution and the confidence interval of the train dwelling time can be predicted on the basis of observed boarding and alighting distributions. 相似文献
178.
John F. McDonald 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》1983,17(6):463-470
This paper presents an economic model of generalized travel cost and provides an empirical study of the parameters of the cost function. The route-choice model that is estimated combines McFadden's theory of qualitative choice behavior with a function for the value of travel time in which total trip time and the income level are assumed to influence the marginal value of time. The empirical results indicate that, for a sample of commuters in the Chicago metropolitan area in 1972, the value of time is a positive function of total trip time, but is not a function of income. 相似文献
179.
One of the most common measures of signalized intersection operation is the amount of delay a vehicle incurs while passing through the intersection. Traditional models for estimating vehicle delay at intersections generally assume fixed signal timing and uniform arrival rates for vehicles approaching the intersection. One would expect that highly variable arrival rates would result in much longer delays than uniform arrival rates of the same average magnitude. Furthermore, one might expect that signal timing that is adjusted according to traffic volume would result in lower delay signal when variations in flow warrant such adjustable timing. This paper attempts to test several hypotheses concerning the effects of variable traffic arrival rates and adjusted signal timing through the use of simulation. The simulation results corroborate the hypothesis concerning the effect of varying arrival rates. As the variance of the arrival rate over time increases, the average delay per vehicle also increases. Signal timing adjustments based on traffic appear to decrease delay when flow rates vary greatly. As flow variations stabilize, the benefits of signal adjustments tend to diminish. 相似文献
180.
Approximate analytic methods are used to describe how the equilibrium trip time of an elevator depends upon the physical characteristics of the elevator, the passenger demand, and possible strategies of operation. The analysis is directed particularly toward elevators in buildings of moderate height (10–15 floors) at traffic levels such that the elevator is seldom idle or fully loaded. Part I describes the model and the general method for estimating means and variances of trip time if a group of floors is served by only one elevator and passenger arrivals define a homogeneous Poisson process. 相似文献