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The selection and evaluation of road schemes through the Leitch framework is based on a combination of cost-benefit analysis and environmental impact assessment. Both techniques involve the definition and valuation of a number of costs and benefits. These costs and benefits are defined and valued in isolation to each other so that we know virtually nothing about the relative valuation that people assign to different types of costs and benefits which might affect them directly or indirectly. This paper outlines the development of a method which allows people to conceptualise the costs and benefits of a road scheme in their own terms and then to rank schemes in relation to those costs and benefits. This method is based upon an interview process involving the use of repertory grid technique. The information from the repertory grid technique is used as a sound basis for determining trade-offs between attributes and for attempting to obtain monetary valuations of different project attributes. A number of exploratory interviews are reported which outline some of the difficulties with a number of the survey features including the choice of case-study, interviewer and information biases and sample and non-response biases. Various ways of dealing with these difficulties are discussed. 相似文献
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We propose four properties for equitable roadway cost allocations: (a) allocated costs should be based on full cost recovery, (b) allocated costs must be non-negative for any traveler group, (c) cost allocations should be additive, and (d) cost allocations should be consistent where equivalency factors among traffic categories exist. For cases with well-behaved cost functions, the uniform traffic removal technique discussed here uniquely satisfies these four properties and should be used whenever the four allocation properties are desired. Example applications as well as cases in which cost functions are not well behaved are discussed. 相似文献
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C. A. Nash 《运输评论》2013,33(4):383-384
Improving Railway Financial Performance. By M. E. Beesley and P. B. Kettle. (Aldershot: Gower, 1985.) [Pp. 108.] £15–00. 相似文献
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Road haulage licensing and EC Transport Policy. By K. J. Button. (Aldershot: Gower Publishing Co., 1984.) [Pp.127.] £14.50. Bicycles and Public Transportation: New Links to Suburban Transit Markets. By Michael A. Replogle. (Bicycle Federation, Washington DC, 1983.) [Pp. 171.] US$15.95. Urban Transport in ASEAN. By V. Setty Pendakur. (Institute of Southeast Asian Studies — Research Notes and Discussions Papers Series No. 43, 1984.) [Pp. 65] $4.50 ISBN 9971–902–67–2. The World Railway System. By Bernard de Fontgalland (Cambridge Univerisity Press, 1984.) [Pp. 209.] £16.00. 相似文献
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A model based on geometric probability concepts is developed to assess the performance of carpooling and vanpooling strategies. Fuel consumption and operating cost issues are treated in the paper, and the model can be extended to treat travel time and air quality issues also. It is shown that simple calculations of the fuel saved through carpool programs can overstate the savings by a factor of two. The operating costs of vanpools and carpools are also compared. 相似文献
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C. A. Nash 《Transportation》1984,12(3):243-259
The 1974 Railways Act set British Rail (BR) the rather vague objective of providing a passenger service broadly comparable with that then existing within a given level of support. For the first few years under the Act, BR succeeded in operating within the financial constraints imposed, but only by considerable increases in charges and by negotiating wage settlements which implied declining real wages. From 1978 on, rising labour costs and reduction in traffic led to a rapidly developing crisis in BR's financial position.The position of each section of BR's business is discussed briefly. It is shown that the designation of some sectors as being purely commercial is inappropriate, since this means that benefits to users and to the community at large are ignored in decision-making. Similarly, the direction to maintain social passenger services at a given level means that finance and investment are concentrated unduly on preservation of the existing pattern of service, rather than on providing value for money. In both sectors, the likelihood is that in general fares are too high and services too frequent.At an operational level, the criterion of maximising the (weighted) volume of traffic carried is advocated as a practical way of choosing between alternative fare and service-level packages. More broadly based strategic studies would be needed to decide on the weights to be adopted, the level of finance to be made available, and the overall strategy. 相似文献
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Batley Richard Bates John Bliemer Michiel Börjesson Maria Bourdon Jeremy Cabral Manuel Ojeda Chintakayala Phani Kumar Choudhury Charisma Daly Andrew Dekker Thijs Drivyla Efie Fowkes Tony Hess Stephane Heywood Chris Johnson Daniel Laird James Mackie Peter Parkin John Sanders Stefan Sheldon Rob Wardman Mark Worsley Tom 《Transportation》2019,46(3):583-621
Transportation - This paper provides an overview of the study ‘Provision of market research for value of time savings and reliability’ undertaken by the Arup/ITS Leeds/Accent consortium... 相似文献