吹填土渗流固结过程微观结构的分形特征

为分析渗流作用下吹填土固结过程中微观结构的变化规律,应用分形理论,定量描述吹填土的微观结 构特征,探讨吹填土的固化机理.通过吹填过程的室内模拟试验,对天津滨海新区最终沉降的吹填土进行了颗粒 分析试验和易溶盐试验,以评价吹填土的工程地质性质;基于分形理论,采用WD-5图像处理系统,对试样的微 观结构进行了定量分析,讨论了渗流固结作用下天津滨海新区吹填土在渗流固结过程中微观结构分形维数的变 化规律.研究表明:随渗流压力增大,天津滨海新区吹填土结构单元体的形态分形维数逐渐增大,而计盒分形维 数减小,结构单元体排列致密,形态复杂性增强;随固结荷载增大,天津滨海新区吹填土中孔隙的形态分形维数 增大,计盒分形维数减小,土中小孔隙的含量增加,孔隙体积减小,复杂性增加.      

Experimental investigation on the drag reducing efficiency of the outer-layer vertical blades

An experimental assessment has been made of the drag reducing efficiency of the outer-layer vertical blades, which were first devised by Hutchins and Choi (Proceedings of ASME FEDSM’02 2002 ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting, Montreal) and Hutchins (An investigation of larger-scale coherent structures in fully developed turbulent boundary layers, Hutchins N (2003), PhD thesis, University of Nottingham). The reported drag reduction efficiency, which was as much as 30%, was quantified only in terms of the reduction in the local skin-friction coefficient. The assessment of the drag reducing efficiency did not take the side effects of the inclusion of the blades into considerations. Those effects are the increase in the wetted surface area and the flow disturbances due to the presence of the blades. In the present study, a series of drag force measurements in towing tank has been performed toward the assessments of the total drag reduction efficiency of the outer-layer vertical blades. It was found that for the case of h 4.0 × z 4.0 (h/δ = 1.04), the outer-layer vertical blades array achieved about 9.6% drag reduction without considering the increase in the wetted surface area. A proper scaling method to give collapsed plot of drag reduction efficiency C _F/C _F0 was attempted, but the correlation remained limited. Of the two scaling methods, the outer scaling is found to be relevant one.     

Development of a hardware in the loop simulation system for electric power steering in vehicles

In this paper, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) system was developed before the development of an electric power steering (EPS) system in a vehicle. This study was focused on the establishment of the HILS system. Driving conditions are simulated with the HILS system. The actual steering input parameters are confirmed on the monitor while driving the HILS system. The steering forces observed in the simulation with the developed HILS system are similar to those in real vehicle tests. The developed HILS system can be applied in the development of various types of EPS systems.     

Study of n-C<Subscript>12</Subscript>H<Subscript>26</Subscript> reforming over DFC catalyst in a simulated diesel exhaust

In lean-DeNOX catalysis reactions, hydrogen is a good reducing agent in PGM catalysts as well as an effective promoter in selective catalytic reduction reactions over base metal oxide catalysts. However, such a lean-DeNOX system, which uses hydrogen, requires an on-board fuel reforming system applicable to internal combustion engines. In this study, catalytic partial oxidation (CPOx) performance was tested in a laboratory for various reactants and hydrocarbon conditions. Volume concentrations of 5–10% oxygen and 0-5% water vapor were used to simulate diesel exhaust, and n-C₁₂H₂₆ was used as the feedstock for the reforming reaction. In the CPOx of n-C₁₂H₂₆, the highest hydrogen selectivity was 64% and was achieved at 100,000 h-1 GHSV. Additionally, the C/O ratio was less than unity in the absence of water vapor. However, as the water concentration was increased to 2.5 and 5.0 vol. % in the n-C₁₂H₂₆ CPOx reactions, the maximum hydrogen selectivity was increased from 64% in the absence of water to 70% and 75%, respectively. This effect is a consequence of the water-gas shift reaction over the catalyst bed. Regarding oxygen concentration effects, hydrogen selectivity slightly increased with increasing oxygen concentration from 10% to 15%. It was also found that the CPOx reaction of n-C₁₂H₂₆ can be ignited at temperatures below 300 C. Accordingly, it can be concluded that CPOx is a useful and feasible device for promoting diesel DeNOx catalysis in terms of hydrogen productivity and reaction initiation.     

桥梁使用寿命与设计使用年限差异的原因分析和对策

为促进我国桥梁更好地发展,分析和研究我国桥梁未能达到设计使用年限的原因和对策。从桥梁的规范、设计、建设到维护等因素出发,分析我国桥梁使用寿命未能达到设计使用年限的原因有:桥梁设计规范判定设计使用年限的时间差异性、我国现行桥梁设计的不合理性、桥梁建设中人为和非人为因素对桥梁使用寿命的影响以及后期桥梁自身的作用等。针对在桥梁规范、设计、建设、维护中的不足,提出制定动态的桥梁设计规范、注重桥梁正常使用状态设计、科学地对桥梁进行建设和维护等对策。     

舰用减摇鳍加强结构的CAD/CAE一体化设计

针对减摇鳍安装部位复杂的结构形式和载荷引起的结构设计和载荷分析问题,以某舰用不可收放式减摇鳍的加强结构为例,探讨了减摇鳍加强结构三维设计、载荷分析和性能评估方法,将三维设计软件CADDS5优秀的可视化技术和有限元分析软件MSC.Patran/Nastran强大的结构分析能力有效地结合起来,对其进行CAD/CAE一体化设计分析,获得减摇鳍加强结构的力学特性,为结构优化提供依据.     

基于红外测量的船用电缆缆芯温度仿真

以某型船用电缆为对象,根据其导热特点和结构,建立了一个三维导热模型;结合实验测量数据利用有限元方法对其三维温度场进行仿真;在此基础上,利用最小二乘法对电缆内外温差与电流大小关系曲线进行拟合,得出电缆在不同老化程度下内外温差与电流大小的数学关系式;利用该结果结合红外测量,可以方便快速的对电缆缆芯温度进行计算。     

无填料振冲与强夯法处理软弱地基对比试验

依托沿海地区某大型工程地基处理实践,开展无填料振冲和强夯法加固地基的现场试验对比。施工结束后,采用孔隙水压力测试、标准贯入试验、静力触探试验及平板载荷试验等原位测试方法取得相关试验数据。对孔隙水压力变化、地基的承载性能及砂土液化处理效果进行评价和分析,得出如下结论：无填料振冲处理效果差,本场地地质条件下不适宜采用该方法进行地基处理;使用强夯法对地基处理后土体工程特性有了明显改善,地基承载力得到提高,液化可能性得到消除;场地中分布的软土夹层对强夯加固效果有较大的影响,夯后地基承载力和压缩模量有所减小;5 000 kN·m能级强夯加固深度约为10 m。     

Taxi services with search frictions and congestion externalities

Built upon the previous studies, this paper incorporates both bilateral taxi–customer search frictions and congestion externalities into the economic analyses of the equilibrium properties of taxi markets. We take account of congestion externalities by adopting a realistic distance‐based and delay‐based taxi fare structure. We first investigate comparative static effects of regulatory variables of taxi fare and fleet size on the market and then examine the properties of the Pareto‐efficient solutions for simultaneous maximization of social welfare and taxi profit in the congested market. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市交通路网模型的更新方案与实现

根据T-GIS空间数据的要求,采用非平面数据模型来表达交通路网模型。为保证路网空间数据的现势性,根据路网的组成要素以及要素之间的逻辑关系,确立了路网数据的更新方案及流程,分别对空间数据和非空间数据提出了不同的更新方式。并设计了数据库更新软件,该软件以某城市路网为例,验证了路网更新方案的可靠性和高效性。