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61.
We estimate spatial hedonic price functions to examine local and regional accessibility benefits of commuter rail service
in Eastern Massachusetts, while controlling for proximity-related negative externalities and other confounding influences.
The data include 1,860 single-family residential properties from four municipalities with commuter rail service, and three
municipalities without commuter rail service. We find some evidence of the capitalization of accessibility to commuter rail
stations. Two model specifications suggest that properties located in municipalities with commuter rail stations exhibit values
that are between 9.6% and 10.1% higher than properties in municipalities without a commuter rail station. With a third model
we detect weak evidence of the capitalization of auto access time or walking time to the stations, suggesting that properties
located within a one-half mile buffer of a station have values that are 10.1% higher than properties located outside of this
buffer area and that an additional minute of drive time from the station is related to a decrease of 1.6% in property values.
Our results also indicate that proximity to commuter rail right-of-way has a significant negative effect on property values,
which suggests that for every 1,000 ft. in distance from the commuter rail right-of-way, property values are between $732
and $2,897 higher, all else held equal. At the mean sample values, this result translates into an elasticity of between 0.03
and 0.13, depending on the functional form of the hedonic price equation. 相似文献
62.
Alberto Doria Sergio Daniel Roa Melo 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2018,56(6):947-966
In recent years the Whipple Carvallo Bicycle Model has been extended to analyse high speed stability of bicycles. Various researchers have developed models taking into account the effects of front frame compliance and tyre properties, nonetheless, a systematic analysis has not been yet carried out. This paper aims at analysing parametrically the influence of front frame compliance and tyre properties on the open loop stability of bicycles. Some indexes based on the eigenvalues of the dynamic system are defined to evaluate quantitatively bicycle stability. The parametric analysis is carried out with a factorial design approach to determine the most influential parameters. A commuting and a racing bicycle are considered and numerical results show different effects of the various parameters on each bicycle. In the commuting bicycle, the tyre properties have greater influence than front frame compliance, and the weave mode has the main effect on stability. Conversely, in the racing bicycle, the front frame compliance parameters have greater influence than tyre properties, and the wobble mode has the main effect on stability. 相似文献
63.
Unlimited Access 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Universities and public transit agencies have together invented an arrangement – called Unlimited Access – that provides fare-free transit service for over 825,000 people. The university typically pays the transit agency an annual lump sum based on expected student ridership, and students simply show their university identification to board the bus. This paper reports the results of a survey of Unlimited Access programs at 35 universities. University officials report that Unlimited Access reduces parking demand, increases students' access to the campus, helps to recruit and retain students, and reduces the cost of attending college. Transit agencies report that Unlimited Access increases ridership, fills empty seats, improves transit service, and reduces the operating cost per rider. Increases in student transit ridership ranged from 71 percent to 200 percent during the first year of Unlimited Access, and growth in subsequent years ranged from 2 percent to 10 percent per year. The universities' average cost for Unlimited Access is $30 per student per year. 相似文献
64.
The taxi industry plays an important role in urban transportation systems, both in economic and mobility terms. In the case of the former, it provides employment for a large number of people and circulates significant amounts of money. In the case of the latter, it is a flexible means of transportation capable of arriving at any destination. Although the way the taxi industry is organised varies across countries and even within countries, some factors are shared at varying latitudes of the globe. Working conditions, habits, health, and exposure to road crashes have been a subject of interest for researchers from various disciplines, including medicine, psychology, and economics. However, much of this research focuses on a part of the problem and is not mutually referential. A review of the literature may be useful not only to researchers of diverse disciplines but also to industry representatives and those public officials responsible for transportation, road safety and health policy. This article provides a comprehensive review of the working conditions of taxi drivers, their relationship to road risk exposure and their consequences on the health of workers. It also includes information on coping strategies and protective behaviors. The review is based on a Scopus database search. The search covered the period from 1990 to 2015. This initial search was complemented with other database searches, which yielded some additional studies. Our goal was to summarise existing knowledge, identify possible lines of research and suggest some practical recommendations. It would be important (a) to reduce the workload, establish adequate time for breaks, and provide access to healthcare, (b) to implement actions to promote and maintain healthy habits, (c) to diagnose, detect and treat indicators of occupational fatigue and stress, and (d) to develop programs that make it possible to evaluate work concerns and broaden coping strategies to foster positive changes. 相似文献
65.
An improved incremental assignment model for parking variable message sign location problem
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Operators and planners of parking guidance and information system (PGIS) often encounter the difficulty when and how to provide parking information to drivers in peak hours. The aim of this study was to assign the parking demands onto the urban network, find the positions suitable to locate the parking variable message sign (parking VMS), and try to solve the problem when to provide parking information to drivers. Parking VMS, as the most common forms of the information display terminal of PGIS, becomes critical in designing PGIS. This paper started from analyzing the relationship between the location and the performances of parking VMS. If a parking VMS is placed right along the link approaching to the divarication intersection of the subsequent “shortest path” and the previous one, the travel time declines abruptly, and the guiding compliance ratio becomes superior. Then, the network‐based parking choice model for the parking VMS was proposed. Network modification and incremental assignment were used to find the divarication intersections caused by the changes of space availability. In addition, MATLAB software package (MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA) was adopted to calculate the entire process mentioned. The proposed model and the algorithm were applied to a numerical example, where the location of parking VMS was obtained. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
66.
Daniel A. Rodríguez Elizabeth M. Brisson Nicols Estupin 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2009,14(7):470-478
Few studies have examined the relationship between micro-scale features of the built environment and street segment usage. Micro-scale features of the built environment include the width of the sidewalk, the presence of amenities such as benches and trash bins, and the presence of crossing aids such as stoplights and crosswalks. This study employs segment-level primary data collected for 338 street segments in close proximity to one of 71 bus rapid transit stations in Bogotá, Colombia. We also use secondary data to control for area-level characteristics such as density, socio-economic stratum, unemployment, and crime. Factor and regression analyses are to use identify two dimensions of the built environment that are associated with higher levels of pedestrian activity: pedestrian-friendly amenities, comprised of wider and higher quality sidewalks and the presence of amenities such as benches, garbage cans, and bike paths; and connectivity, comprised of higher levels of road density, three- and four-way intersections, and density. In addition, we find greater pedestrian activity on segments with higher development intensity, with more mix of land uses, and with more crossing aids. Although the relationships identified are not causal, they are suggestive in terms of planning successful built environment interventions. 相似文献
67.
Transportation - Transit operators need vulnerability measures to understand the level of service degradation under disruptions. This paper contributes to the literature with a novel causal... 相似文献
68.
Abstract Indirect effects are important considerations when making consequence analyses in general and in strategic environmental assessments in particular of potential transport solutions and infrastructure plans. The primary objective of this paper is to emphasize the need for a deeper understanding of the long‐term system effects of investments in transport infrastructure with a focus on the structuring effects that roads and railways have on society, e.g. altered transport patterns, altered settlement structures and changes in use of the built environment. Special attention is given to the following potential indirect effects: increased total transport volume, increased share of private motorists and truck transport, increased urban sprawl, and increased energy use in buildings. The conditions that determine the power of the effects are discussed and a number of key factors to be considered in transport infrastructure planning, especially in strategic environmental assessments, are suggested. Since many indirect effects emerge over time, an extended time perspective is of essence. Therefore, scenario techniques may be useful when analysing indirect effects in transport planning processes. 相似文献
69.
Bhattacharyya Abhinav Jin Wen Le Floch Caroline Chatman Daniel G. Walker Joan L. 《Transportation》2019,46(2):373-393
Transportation - There have been numerous behavior change studies focused on sustainable travel mode choices. In this study we focused on the residential choices that in turn influence travel... 相似文献
70.
Daniel G. Chatman 《城市交通》2015,(1)
以公共交通为导向的发展模式(TOD)通常包括在轨道交通车站周边新建住房。引导城市按照这样的模式发展,其目的部分在于减少气候变化、污染以及机动车导致的拥堵。但是,新建住房可能会更容易吸引那些开车较多的富裕家庭,相比房屋所有权和大小、停车供给、街区和分区建筑环境,轨道交通可达性对汽车拥有和使用的影响可能也较弱。通过调查居住在新泽西州北部10个轨道交通车站2英里半径范围内的家庭,收集有关房龄和类型、路外停车位可达性、工作和非工作的出行方式、人口特征以及选择所住街区原因的数据。对调查数据进行地理编码,并与实地调查的路内停车数据、街区和分区建筑环境指标等数据相融合。分析这些因素如何与调查中所记录的汽车拥有和使用情况相关联。住在轨道交通车站附近新房子内的家庭,在汽车拥有、利用汽车通勤以及购物出行频率上明显低于那些住在远离轨道交通的新房子内的家庭。但是,轨道交通可达性在这一差别中起到的作用很小。房屋类型和所有权、局部和分区密度、公共汽车服务、特别是路外及路内停车供给对差异的产生发挥了更重要的作用。 相似文献