全文获取类型
收费全文 | 844篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
公路运输 | 240篇 |
综合类 | 21篇 |
水路运输 | 276篇 |
铁路运输 | 22篇 |
综合运输 | 289篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 20篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 28篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 30篇 |
2013年 | 116篇 |
2012年 | 30篇 |
2011年 | 37篇 |
2010年 | 41篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 41篇 |
2007年 | 15篇 |
2006年 | 22篇 |
2005年 | 22篇 |
2004年 | 12篇 |
2003年 | 24篇 |
2002年 | 18篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 29篇 |
1997年 | 20篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 10篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有848条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
A multinational company uses a personal computer to schedule a fleet of coastal tankers and barges transporting liquid bulk products among plants, distribution centres (tank farms), and industrial customers. A simple spreadsheet interface cloaks a sophisticated optimization-based decision support system and makes this system useable via a varity of natural languages. The dispatchers, whose native language is not English, and some of whom presumably speak no English at all, communicate via the spreadsheet, and view recommended schedules displayed in Gantt charts both internationally familiar tools. Inside the spreadsheet, a highly detailed simulation can generate every feasible alternate vessel employment schedule, and an integer linear set partitioning model selects one schedule for each vessel so that all loads and deliveries are completed at minimal cost while satisfying all operational requirements. The optimized fleet employment schedule is displyed graphically with hourly time resolution over a planning horizon of 2-3 weeks. Each vessel will customarily make several voyages and many port calls to load and unload products during this time. 相似文献
62.
63.
Spatial fisheries ecology: Recent progress and future prospects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L. Ciannelli P. Fauchald K.S. Chan V.N. Agostini G.E. Dingsr 《Journal of Marine Systems》2008,71(3-4):223
We review recent progresses made in the study of fish distribution and survival over space — i.e., fisheries spatial ecology. This is achieved by first surveying the most common statistical approaches and relative challenges associated with the analysis of fisheries spatial data, loosely grouped in geostatistical and regression approaches. Then we review a selected number of case-studies implementing the discussed techniques. We conclude by proposing new areas of statistical and ecological research to further our understanding of how fish distribute and survive in space. This review serves a dual purpose by emphasizing the scientific importance of studying spatial interactions to better understand the temporal dynamics of fish abundance, and by promoting the development of new analytical and ecological approaches for the analysis of spatial data. Through our survey we cover different statistical techniques, marine ecosystems and life stages. This analytical, geographic and ontogenetic variety is also purposely selected to highlight the importance of comparative and multidisciplinary studies across diverging ecological disciplines, ecosystems and life stages. Besides having a general ecological relevance this review also bears a more applied significance, owing to the increasing need for protecting renewable marine resources along with their primary habitat. 相似文献
64.
65.
FlexRay is a reliable and hard real-time in-vehicle communication protocol that is strongly promoted by car manufacturers as the de facto standard in the automotive domain. The protocol offers both a time-triggered and an eventtriggered architecture. This paper focuses on the optimal scheduling of the time-triggered component of FlexRay known as the static (ST) segment using a two-dimensional bin-packing technique. To maximize the bandwidth utilization in the ST segment, a fast heuristic as well as an efficient integer linear programming approach are proposed. Our methods directly schedule signals into slots including frame packing, according to signal-based data scheduling and the slot/ cycle multiplexing mechanisms presented by the latest version of the FlexRay protocol. The benefits of our proposed methods are demonstrated by extensive experiments on synthetic and an automotive X-by-wire system case study. An additional test case is examined to emphasize the superior performance of the proposed approach relative to that of existing optimal scheduling approaches. 相似文献
66.
提出了电流变流体作为润滑剂使用的新设想,研究了电流变流体粘度的可控特性,通过试验获得了电流变流体摩擦力随电场强度、悬浮颗粒浓度、油膜厚度等因素的变化规律,为深入研究电流变流体的润滑特性奠定了基础。 相似文献
67.
M. Chiantore R. Cattaneo-Vietti G. Albertelli C. Misic M. Fabiano 《Journal of Marine Systems》1998,17(1-4)
At Terra Nova Bay, the scallop Adamussium colbecki (Smith, 1902) characterises the soft and hard bottoms from 20 to 80 m depth, constituting large beds and reaching high values of density (50–60 individuals/m2) and biomass (120 g/m2 DW soft tissues). To assess its role in the organic matter recycling in the coastal ecosystem, its filtering and biodeposition rates were evaluated in laboratory experiments during the austral summer 1993/94. Filtration rates, measured in a flow-through system, were calculated from the difference in particulate organic carbon (POC), nitrogen (PON) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in inflow and outflow water. Experiments were performed using natural sea water with POC, PON and Chl-a concentrations of about 450 μg/l, 90 μg/l and 2 μg/l, respectively. The biodeposition rate and the biochemical composition of the biodeposits were studied in order to detect how the organic matter is transformed through feeding activity of A. colbecki. At +1°C temperature, the average filtering rate was about 1 l h−1 g−1 (DW soft tissues) in specimens ranging in body mass from 2 to 3 g (DW soft tissues) and 6–7 cm long. The biodeposition rate in 3–8 cm long specimens, ranging from 0.4 to 5.7 g (DW soft tissues), was about 5.65 mg DW/g DW/day, leading to an estimate of Corg flux, through biodeposition by A. colbecki, of about 21 mg C m−2 day−1 at in situ conditions. Comparison between the biochemical composition of seston and biodeposits shows a decrease of the labile compounds, of the Chl-a/phaeopigments ratio in the biodeposits. The recorded C/N ratio decrease suggests a microbial colonisation in the biodeposits. This study suggests that Adamussium colbecki plays an important role in coupling the material fluxes from the water column to the sea bed, processing about 14% of total Carbon flux from the water column to the sediments, with an assimilation efficiency of 36%. 相似文献
68.
Ernst G. Frankel 《Maritime Policy and Management》1991,18(1):43-53
Management of technological change is among the most important problems in shipping management. Models representing the economic impact of technological change in shipping are presented and the use of technology productivity analysis as a method for effective management of technological change in shipping is proposed. 相似文献
69.
Management of coastal eutrophication: Integration of field data, ecosystem-scale simulations and screening models 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
A.M. Nobre J.G. Ferreira A. Newton T. Simas J.D. Icely R. Neves 《Journal of Marine Systems》2005,56(3-4):375-390
A hybrid approach for eutrophication assessment in estuarine and coastal ecosystems is presented. The ASSETS screening model (http://www.eutro.org) classifies eutrophication status into five classes: High (better), Good, Moderate, Poor and Bad (worse). This model was applied to a dataset from a shallow coastal barrier island system in southwest Europe (Ria Formosa), with a resulting score of Good. A detailed dynamic model was developed for this ecosystem, and the outputs were used to drive the screening model. Four scenarios were run on the research model: pristine, standard (simulates present loading), half and double the current nutrient loading. The Ria Formosa has a short water residence time and eutrophication symptoms are not apparent in the water column. However, benthic symptoms are expressed as excessive macroalgal growth and strong dissolved oxygen fluctuations in the tide pools. The standard simulation results showed an ASSETS grade identical to the field data application. The application of the screening model to the other scenario outputs showed the responsiveness of ASSETS to changes in pressure, state and response, scoring a grade of High under pristine conditions, Good for half the standard scenario and Moderate for double the present loadings. The use of this hybrid approach allows managers to test the outcome of measures against a set of well-defined metrics for the evaluation of state. It additionally provides a way of testing and improving the pressure component of ASSETS. Sensitivity analysis revealed that sub-sampling the output of the research model at a monthly scale, typical for the acquisition of field data, may significantly affect the outcome of the screening model, by overlooking extreme events such as occasional night-time anoxia in tide pools. 相似文献
70.
Using current meters and systematically repeated vessel mounted ADCP data legs, we describe the role of the semidiurnal and diurnal constituents in the tidal currents and investigate the mesoscale variability of the M2 tidal currents field along three cross-shelf legs over the Galician shelf. We found that the estimated values of the semi-major axes of the main semidiurnal tidal constituents are closely related to those obtained in previous research and that the tidal currents are predominantly semidiurnal. Amplitudes of the M2 and S2 semi-major axes constituents are comparable, and important fortnightly variability should thus be expected in the amplitude of the semidiurnal tidal currents. Vertical profiles of the semi-major axes of the main tidal constituents reveal that, in the absence of stratification, and far from the bottom frictional effects, the tidal currents are mostly barotropic. Over the slope, the tidal ellipses tilt from a north–south orientation toward the northeast–southwest direction and, as we go further into the shelf, their amplitude is increased, a feature that is reasonably explained by the transition from the dynamics of a Poincaré wave offshore to the dynamics of a northward alongshore propagating Kelvin wave over the shelf. The Ría de Vigo exerts a notable influence over the tidal currents, acting as an extension of the shelf and introducing a meridional variation in the orientation of the ellipses from the alongshore direction in the southern straight coast toward the northeast–southwest direction at the latitude of the Rías. Finally, the spatial fitting methods we tried have proved to be successful in VMADCP data detiding in this region. 相似文献