Leisure mobility styles in Swiss conurbations: construction and empirical analysis

Leisure travel is the most difficult travel purpose to analyse due to the lack of fixed spatial and temporal referents and the consequent flexibility in patterns. This paper addresses lifestyles, social influence, and the travellers’ social networks, issues that have proved valuable for travel behaviour research in confronting the complexity of leisure travel. An approach for constructing leisure mobility styles, based on orientations towards leisure and mobility, will be presented first and then the hypotheses that transport behaviour can be better explained through analysis of leisure mobility styles will be tested. Multivariate analysis reveals that the leisure mobility style group makes a significant contribution towards clarifying variance for the activities ‘Visiting friends and relatives’, ‘Travel participation’, ‘Mode choice’, and ‘Travel distance for leisure’. The use of leisure mobility styles is most useful for developing practical intervention pointers where the in-group homogeneity of lifestyle should be addressed in greater detail.     

富水区隧道环向盲管间距优化分析北大核心CSCD

富水区隧道涌水遵循“以堵为主、防排结合”的处置原则,其中排水体系构建的合理性是隧道安全施工与良好运营的关键因素。首先分析隧道排水体系,揭示其工作原理,然后利用FLAC 3D有限差分软件,对鸿图特长隧道富水断层区设置的不同环向盲管间距进行三维流固耦合模拟,通过分析渗水压力、锚杆受力及涌水量,揭示塑性区体积及分布区域特征。研究结果表明:沿隧道轴向,支护结构孔隙水压力大致呈周期性分布,其周期近似等于环向盲管纵向间距;加密环向盲管,在降低支护结构受力并减小塑性区体积的同时,会增加隧道排水量;随环向盲管间距的增大,注浆加固圈塑性区首先出现在围岩好的区域,断层区出现塑性区最晚;断层区锚杆加固效果较差,可通过减小钢拱架环向间距以提高结构刚度,使注浆加固圈沿轴向受力更合理。综合考虑各种因素,建议在建工程断层区环向盲管间距设置为3 m,断层附近区间距为4 m。     

高烈度地震区隧道洞口段纤维混凝土衬砌抗震效果分析北大核心CSCD

为提高隧道洞口段衬砌结构的震时安全性,以某公路隧道洞口段为研究背景,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,对使用钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)、钢-玄武岩混杂纤维混凝土(SBHFRC)与素混凝土作为二次衬砌结构材料时的抗震效果进行对比分析。结果表明:在同体积纤维掺量的条件下,与素混凝土二次衬砌相比,SFRC二次衬砌的最大、最小主应力峰值分别增加34.27%、23.56%,剪应力峰值增加23.54%,SBHFRC二次衬砌的最大、最小主应力峰值分别增加3.90%、3.37%,剪应力峰值增加3.32%;SFRC、SBHFRC二次衬砌结构的等效位移分别减少了8.08%、2.36%;SFRC、SBHFRC二次衬砌结构监测面各监测点平均安全系数分别提高了38.73%、50.04%。     

Investigation and analysis of high temperature corrosion and degradation of marine boiler combustion swirler

The present paper investigated and analyzed swirler material consisting of mild steel which was subjected to service for the period of one year in a 30 MW marine boiler. Due to the presence of high temperatures in the furnace coupled with the corrosive marine environment swirler material showed accelerated degradation and material wastage. An investigation into the feasibility of manufacturing the existing swirler with an alternate material or coating the swirler material with a thermal barrier coating was undertaken. Based on their properties and performance, SS 304 and SS 316 were proposed as the replacement materials for the swirler. The other alternative of coating the existing swirlers with a form thermal barrier coating to observe for any improvement in their performance at elevated temperatures was also tested. Stellite, which is a Ni-Co based coating, was carried out on the MS samples and the same were exposed to same temperatures mentioned above. The performance of the available options was evaluated with respect to the grain structure of the material, the hardness value of the materials and deterioration at elevated temperatures. Investigation showed the proposed materials/coatings like SS 304, SS 316 and Stellite coating revealed that SS 316 is the material best suited for high temperature application.     

高海拔隧道施工劳动强度与供氧浓度关系研究北大核心CSCD

为研究高海拔隧道施工人员供氧浓度问题,文章通过骑行试验得到了不同人员在海拔高度为590~4000 m,氧气浓度为20.9%~29%,骑行功率为0、50 W、75 W、100 W工况下的生理指标,得到测试对象的劳动强度指数,分析研究得到以下结论:(1)在同一海拔高度、相同劳动强度工况下,提升环境氧气浓度,可以显著降低人员劳动强度指数;(2)劳动强度指数的减少与氧气浓度的增加并不是线性关系,当环境氧气浓度超过25%时,劳动强度指数的降低程度有限;(3)拟合得到了劳动负荷为100 W且氧气浓度为20.9%~25%时施工人员的劳动强度指数与海拔高度及供氧浓度的关系式。     

Development and prospects of key technology for submarine atmospheric environment control北大核心CSCD

Air regeneration, harmful gas purification and atmospheric composition monitoring are the key technologies of submarine atmospheric environment control systems. After years of development, China has made great progress in such systems, which have developed from ensuring the safety requirements of submariner and equipment operation to ensuring the health of submariner and reliability of system for long-term underwater operation. This paper reviews the development history of submarine atmospheric environment control technologies and introduces their future development prospects. The developers of integrated atmospheric environment control technology should learn from foreign submarine and aerosphere equipment technologies, which aim to support long-term submerged operation and comfort demands, and better adapt to future submarine technology development and evolving mission, in order to constantly enhance the level of submarine cabin air quality of the Chinese navy. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

Understanding the modifiable areal unit problem and identifying appropriate spatial unit in jobs–housing balance and employment self-containment using big data

Transportation - Jobs–housing balance (JHB) and employment self-containment (ESC) have been used to examine the jobs–housing relationship. However, the effect of the modifiable areal...     

Potential last-mile impacts of crowdshipping services: a simulation-based evaluation

Transportation - Crowdsourced delivery services (crowdshipping) represent a shipping alternative to traditional delivery systems, particularly suitable for e-commerce. Although some benefits in...     

Prediction of the cooling factors of a vehicle brake disc and its influence on the results of a thermal numerical simulation

In the process of developing the brake disc, it is necessary that we predict the suitability of the design. In this manner, we can affirm that even the first prototype will satisfy all of the customer homologation requests. Usually those comprise different sequential braking tests in which the maximal achieved temperature is the criterion that governs brake disc suitability. The knowledge of how to predict the behavior of a brake disc in the early pretesting phase has a significant impact on development costs and time. The common method that is used for predicting the temperatures in the brake disc during braking is numerical simulation analysis. With the help of Computational Fluid Dynamics, the flow through a vehicle ventilated brake disc of known geometry was determined, and the wall heat transfer coefficients for all vehicle speeds and brake disc temperatures were calculated. The results were then imported into a thermal numerical simulation of a sequential-braking vehicle test. The results showed that the consideration of cooling factors has a significant impact on temperature courses. To obtain accurate results from the numerical simulation and to simulate the vehicle test precisely, the proper wall heat transfer coefficients must be considered. The proposed method produces more accurate numerical results and enables the development engineer to develop suitable brake disc geometry in the early pretesting phase.     

Analysis of a large injection-molded body using knowledge-based flow process technology

A knowledge-based flow process is presented for large injection-molded body technology (LIMBT). Injection molding of a large body is a difficult technique because of the many factors and their interactions during the molding process. The proposed flow process can support LIMBT through integration of CAE(Computer-Aided Engineering), CAI (Computer-Aided Inspection), and monitoring systems. CAE and DOE (Design of Experiment) are used to construct an optimal mold design in terms of gates and runners and to identify working conditions for the molding process. CAI and monitoring systems with temperature sensors and pressure sensors can be used to inspect the physical molding process and the molded parts. The flow process of a large body is systematically planned and constructed using a knowledge-based flow process with DOE and computer-aided technologies. The proposed flow process is implemented for the molding process of an automobile front bumper fascia.