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排序方式: 共有435条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
141.
This paper presents an analysis of a market-based policy aimed at encouraging manufacturers to develop more fuel efficient vehicles without affecting the car buyer’s choice of vehicle size. A vehicle’s size is measured by its “footprint”, the product of track width and wheelbase. Traditional market-based policies to promote higher fuel economy, such as higher gasoline taxes or gas guzzler taxes, also induce motorists to purchase smaller vehicles. Whether or not such policies affect overall road safety remains controversial, however. Feebates, a continuous schedule of new vehicle taxes and rebates as a function of vehicle fuel consumption, can also be made a function of vehicle size, thus removing the incentive to buy a smaller vehicle. A feebate system based on a vehicle’s footprint creates the same incentive to adopt technology to improve fuel economy as simple feebate systems while removing any incentive for manufacturers or consumers to downsize vehicles. 相似文献
142.
David A. Evans H. Spencer Banzhaf Dallas Burtraw Alan J. Krupnick Juha Siikam?ki 《Transportation》1994,21(2):229-230
Contributors to this issue 相似文献
143.
Lorenzo Masiero David A. Hensher 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2010,44(5):349-358
Choice behaviour might be determined by asymmetric preferences whether the consumers are faced with gains or losses. This paper investigates loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity, and analyzes their implications on willingness to pay and willingness to accept measures in a reference pivoted choice experiment in a freight transport framework. The results suggest a significant model fit improvement when preferences are treated as asymmetric, proving both loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity. The implications on willingness to pay and willingness to accept indicators are particular relevant showing a remarkable difference between symmetric and asymmetric model specifications. Not accounting for loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity, when present, produces misleading results and might affect significantly the policy decisions. 相似文献
144.
Transportation - Automatic passenger counting (APC) in public transport has been introduced in the 1970s and has been rapidly emerging in recent years. Still, real-world applications continue to... 相似文献
145.
Russell David Brancato Mary Sue Bennett H. Jesse 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》1996,1(4):230-238
The results of three national monitoring programs in the United States (U.S.) that measure concentrations of tributyltin (TBT)
are compared. Regional and site comparisons are made of changes in TBT concentrations since passage of the Organotin Antifouling
Paint Control Act (OAPCA) in 1988. The monitoring programs compared are the U.S. LongTerm Monitoring Program conducted by
a consortium of tributyltin manufacturers, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Status and Trends
Mussel Watch project, and the U.S. Navy's TBT monitoring program. All of the monitoring results demonstrate declining TBT
concentrations over time. These declines have occurred rapidly (within a few years) and are considerable (56%–71% decrease
in TBT concentrations in water, 47%–55% decrease in sediments, and 40%–82% decrease in bivalve tissues). Mean TBT concentrations
in water are generally below the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency marine chronic water quality criterion of 10ng/L.
These results indicate that the OAPCA has been effective in reducing TBT concentrations in the aquatic environment. 相似文献
146.
147.
David A. Hensher 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》1985,19(4):303-313
Vehicle-use modelling at the household level has taken on new importance with the pressures on governments to encourage more efficient utilisation of increasingly scarce nonreplenishible liquid fuels. The fundamental energy equation recognizes two direct influences on consumption—the fuel efficiency of the vehicle and the amount of use. Until recently, the interrelationship between vehicle choice and vehicle utilisation at the household level was acknowledged but ignored. The availability of reliable vehicle-use data at the household level now enables a more serious effort at amending the imbalance of research effort where the reliance has been predominantly on vehicle choice modelling and gross (exogenous) assumptions on utilisation as a basis for predicting fuel consumption. This paper proposes an econometric method for identifying the influences on household vehicle use. It differs from previous empirical work in that vehicle kilometers, fuel cost per kilometer and vehicle fuel efficiency are endogenous, with utilisation of each vehicle endogeneously dependent on the utilisation of each and every household vehicle. The data are drawn from wave 1 of a four-wave panel of 1436 households in the Sydney metropolitan area. The empirical findings expose a set of influences on use hitherto not considered. The model specification provides an appropriate module for integration with household-based discrete choice models of vehicle choice. 相似文献
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