双层通道中可渗透底部起伏的波浪散射(英文)

The scattering of plane surface waves by bottom undulations in channel flow consisting of two layers is investigated by assuming that the bed of the channel is composed of porous material. The upper surface of the fluid is bounded by a rigid lid and the channel is unbounded in the horizontal directions. There exists only one wave mode corresponding to an internal wave. For small undulations, a simplified perturbation analysis is used to obtain first order reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of integrals involving the shape function describing the bottom. For sinusoidal bottom undulations and exponentially decaying bottom topography, the first order coefficients are computed. In the case of sinusoidal bottom the first order transmission coefficient is found to vanish identically. The numerical results are depicted graphically in a number of figures.     

引入制动管路约束的车辆操纵稳定性控制方法研究

以DYC(Direct Yaw-moment Control)控制器为基础,结合制动管路摩擦力模型的约束条件,建立了全轮纵向力优化分配算法。利用Matlab软件对建立的车辆动力学模型和全轮纵向力分配算法进行了仿真分析,结果表明该算法能够进行有效的全轮纵向力分配。     

The tax treatment of company cars, commuting and optimal congestion taxes

In Europe, the preferential tax treatment of company cars implies that many employees receive a company car as part of their compensation package. In this paper, we consider a model in which wages and the decision whether or not to provide a company car are the result of direct negotiation between employer and employee. Using this framework, we theoretically and numerically study first- and second-best optimal tax policies on labour and transport markets, focusing on the role of the tax treatment of company cars. We obtain the following results. First, higher labour taxes and a more favourable tax treatment of company cars raise the fraction employees that receives a company car; congestion and congestion tolls reduce it. Second, in countries that provide large implicit subsidies to company cars, eliminating the preferential tax treatment of company cars may be an imperfect but quite effective substitute for currently unavailable congestion tolls. The numerical illustration, calibrated using Belgian data, suggests that it yields about half the welfare gain attainable through optimal congestion taxes. Third, the favourable tax treatment of company cars justifies large public transport subsidies; the numerical results are consistent with zero public transport fares. Finally, we find that earlier models that ignored the preferential tax treatment of company cars may have substantially underestimated optimal congestion tolls in Europe. The numerical illustration suggests that about one third of the optimal congestion toll we obtain can be attributed to the current tax treatment of company cars.     

独塔对称自锚式悬索桥简化解析解研究

自锚式悬索桥在初步设计阶段,需频繁修改设计和变更计算参数,工作量大,迫切需要一种快速求解的方法,使设计人员迅速了解桥梁受力状态及其随参数变化的情况。为此,根据独塔对称自锚式悬索桥的受力特点,基于最小势能原理,提出一种求解内力和变形的简化解析方法。将自锚式悬索桥分离为加劲梁体系和主缆体系,分别计算恒载和活载作用下的吊索力。根据加劲梁梁端与主缆锚固点在顺桥向变形协调条件,求出活载作用下主缆水平分力,由此推导出独塔对称自锚式悬索桥内力和变形的简化解析解。并以主跨(150+150) m九乔路自锚式悬索桥为算例,分别采用本文方法和有限元法进行对比计算分析。研究结果表明：2种方法的计算结果吻合较好,且分布规律基本一致,竖向挠度和索力的计算值2种方法相差在15%以内。本文提出的简化方法可为独塔对称自锚式悬索桥的初步设计及其优化提供参考。     

沥青路面智能压实技术研究动态

随着道路施工机械化、信息化与数字化集成水平的提高，沥青路面智能压实技术也成为研究与应用热点。有效检测沥青路面压实状态，并且能够准确判别与控制压实质量是实现压实“智能化”的关键，也是实现科学提升路面路用性能和使用寿命的基础。从沥青路面智能压实质量控制原理上进行分类讨论，主要包括机械振动响应、雷达反射波以及智能颗粒细观响应。紧密结合工程实际分析优缺点，为后续沥青路面智能压实的技术发展方向提供借鉴。     

基于可解释极端随机树模型的 DCT 液压响应预测

为解决传统湿式双离合器变速器 （Dual Clutch Transmission， DCT） 控制策略在硬件误差以及复杂工况下液压响应预测精度不完全可控的问题，提出了一种基于 SHAP 图可解释极端随机树预测模型，使用机器学习方法结合某汽车公司 DCT 实验室采集的真实离合器数据对 DCT 液压响应进行预测。模型利用 SHAP 算法对于重要特征选择的可解释性，筛选并保留对液压响应影响较大的特征，将时间切片和升降压判定作为特征加入训练数据，训练预测模型。结果表明，该模型训练结果的均方误差 MSE 为 0.670 3，可决系数 R2为 1.000 0，并且在测试集上预测值与实际值之间的平均误差为12.99 kPa，远低于设计误差 25 kPa，具有较高的预测精度，特征选择较准确，可以很好地解决传统物理模型无法计算不同工况下液压响应的问题，为下阶段基于数据和物理双驱动的DCT控制策略优化提供较准确的预测结果。