驾驶模拟在公路安全设计与运行中运用的研究

随着日益增长的交通需求,为了能够获得最高性能的公路交通系统,驾驶任务变得越来越复杂,公路设计和建设中考虑人的因素也变得更为重要.能否成功引进新的驾驶支持体系、动态的交通管理系统或者复杂的道路设计,主要依赖于人们是否能够以及有多大意愿去适应这种发展.为此需要了解人们在复杂的动态驾驶任务环境中将会做出怎样的反应.该文在简单地介绍完TNO驾驶模拟器设备后,又介绍了有关利用先进的人机互动驾驶模拟器研究人的驾驶行为来进行公路设计和建设.文中通过几个公路设计和交通运输行为研究的例子,说明了驾驶模拟器研究对安全有效地进行公路设计与运行运用具有特殊的价值.     

Time series for sea water and seaweed of Tc and Sb originating from releases at La Hague

⁹⁹Tc and ¹²⁵Sb have been released in low level liquid waste at the reprocessing plant at La Hague (Fr). Over a number of years data have been obtained on the concentration of ⁹⁹Tc in sea water and in seaweed from sampling locations close to and at increasing distances north and east of the point of release into the English Channel.In addition such data have been obtained on ¹²⁵Sb for a small number of sampling points. These time series, and the information derived from their intercomparison and from comparison with the release data, are presented in this paper.Time series on ⁹⁹Tc as well as ¹²⁵Sb in sea water and seaweed clearly confirm a considerable decrease in release rates at La Hague over the years 1986–1993. Transit times and transfer factors derived from the series are generally in good agreement with the results of modelling efforts. The data do not provide evidence for a time lag between levels of the radionuclides in sea water and those in seaweed longer than a few months.The very high concentration factors for ⁹⁹Tc in brown seaweeds make these seaweeds very useful for environmental monitoring the radionuclide at low release rates and to trace releases in areas remote from the point of release.