The university workers’ willingness to pay for commuting

Using a dynamic approach, employing data on job mobility, we demonstrate that university workers?? marginal willingness to pay for reducing commuting distance is about ?0.25 per kilometre travelled. This corresponds to a marginal willingness to pay for reducing commuting time of about 75?% of the net average hourly wage. For females, the willingness to pay is substantially higher than for males. It is also substantially higher for workers that work few hours per day, as predicted by theory.     

Bayesian committee of neural networks to predict travel times with confidence intervals

Short-term prediction of travel time is one of the central topics in current transportation research and practice. Among the more successful travel time prediction approaches are neural networks and combined prediction models (a ‘committee’). However, both approaches have disadvantages. Usually many candidate neural networks are trained and the best performing one is selected. However, it is difficult and arbitrary to select the optimal network. In committee approaches a principled and mathematically sound framework to combine travel time predictions is lacking. This paper overcomes the drawbacks of both approaches by combining neural networks in a committee using Bayesian inference theory. An ‘evidence’ factor can be calculated for each model, which can be used as a stopping criterion during training, and as a tool to select and combine different neural networks. Along with higher prediction accuracy, this approach allows for accurate estimation of confidence intervals for the predictions. When comparing the committee predictions to single neural network predictions on the A12 motorway in the Netherlands it is concluded that the approach indeed leads to improved travel time prediction accuracy.     

Travelers’ compliance with social routing advice: evidence from SP and RP experiments

Transportation - This study examines to what extent travel information can be used to direct travelers to system-optimal routes that may be sub-optimal for them personally, but contribute to...     

Can passenger flow distribution be estimated solely based on network properties in public transport systems?

Transportation - We present a pioneering investigation into the relation between passenger flow distribution and network properties in public transport systems. The methodology is designed in a...     

Carsharing: the impact of system characteristics on its potential to replace private car trips and reduce car ownership

Transportation - This paper aims to explore the potential of carsharing in replacing private car trips and reducing car ownership and how this is affected by its attributes. To that affect, a...     

What are the determinants of the willingness to share rides in pooled on-demand services?

Transportation - Simulation studies suggest that pooled on-demand services (also referred to as Demand Responsive Transport, ridesharing, shared ride-hailing or shared ridesourcing services) have...     

The effects of highway development on housing prices

The purpose of this research is to estimate the effects of highway development projects on the price of housing. Transportation development projects, highways in particular, improve a certain area’s accessibility but also increase its levels of exposure to traffic intensity and noise pollution. These externalities are evaluated by homeowners and residents and are reflected in the price of housing. In this paper, we use several repeat sales model specifications, including difference-in-differences estimators, and control for neighborhood effects to examine housing price trends in the municipalities around two newly developed highways in the Netherlands. The results of the research demonstrate that changes in accessibility result in a significant positive effect on the price of housing in nearby municipalities, but that increased noise pollution and traffic intensity levels result in a decrease in prices. The findings also confirm that combining the total effects of all externalities, the effect of highway development on the price of housing is generally positive, and this effect is salient even before the project is completed due to public anticipation effects.     

软基处理新方法--IFCO强制固结法及其固结度求解

针对IFCO强制固结法，基于对砂墙地基应力状态的分析，建立其固结度的解答方法。在此基础上，探讨砂墙的涂抹作用和土体的双向渗流对地基固结效果的影响，以期对工程实践有指导意义。     

A new regulation for the European public transport

Authority intervention in the public transport sector has a long history and has led to a growing corps of legal texts in European countries. These texts are often divergent, if not incompatible. This was no problem until the rather recent internationalization of the sector. With this internationalization, the European Commission decided to address this issue. This chapter describes what has led to the appearance of this new Regulation and the main steps on the 10-year long road that led to the adoption of the new Regulation. The chapter also formulates some comments on the results reached.     

Exploring the distances people walk to access public transport

ABSTRACT

A shift from private motorised transport to more active transportation can, among other things, deliver significant health benefits. The main disadvantage of active transport (in particular walking) for most people compared to private motorised transport is the limited range. Public transport (PT) can complement the use of active modes and extend their range. Therefore, there might be potential to increase physical activity through an increase in PT use. This article takes a closer look at how walking relates to the use of PT by examining existing literature on the topic. It aims to study how far people walk to and from PT and what key factors influence this. Scopus, Transport Research International Documentation and Web of Science have been searched systematically for relevant articles, conference papers and books. After screening of titles and abstracts, 41 relevant publications were identified. Studies were included if they quantified the amount of walking (measured as either distance or time) that is directly related to the use of PT. Studies that quantified walking using general measures of daily physical activity or daily walking or that used stated preference designs were excluded. The PT systems considered in this paper are mass transport systems in urban areas, either road- or rail-based, with fixed schedules and stops. Demand responsive transport services, which can offer door-to-door travel, are not considered, as these systems can to a large extent eliminate the need to walk. In the identified publications, a large variety of walking distances and times have been reported, and these seem to be highly context-specific. The paper establishes the evidence for the wide range of factors that influence walking related to PT, which have been categorised as personal, PT-related, environmental, and journey-related. The different methods that have been used are discussed by critically analysing their advantages and limitations. Only a limited number of these methods used allow for an accurate assessment of the walking distances to and from PT. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research, such as a need for more accurate measurement of walking and research in different geographical areas to shed light on underlying influences of culture and climate.