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721.
This paper presents a study on the numerical calculation of the friction resistance coefficient of an infinitely thin plate
as a function of the Reynolds number. Seven eddy-viscosity models have been selected: the one-equation turbulence models of
Menter and Spalart–Allmaras; the k-ω two-equation model proposed by Wilcox and its TNT, BSL and SST variants and the two-equation model. The flow has been computed at 14 Reynolds numbers in sets of seven geometrically similar Cartesian grids
to allow a reliable estimation of the numerical uncertainty. The effect of the computational domain size has been reduced
to negligible levels (below the numerical uncertainty). And the same holds for the iterative and round-off errors. In the
finest grids of each set, the numerical uncertainty of the friction resistance coefficient is always below 1%. Special attention
has further been given to the solution behaviour in the laminar-to-turbulent transition region. Curve fits have been applied
to the data obtained at the 14 Reynolds numbers and the numerical friction lines are compared with four proposals from the
open literature: the 1957 ITTC line, the Schoenherr line and the lines suggested by Grigson and Katsui et al. The differences
between the numerical friction lines obtained with the seven turbulence models are smaller than the differences between the
four lines proposed in the open literature. 相似文献
722.
Wojciech Walkusz Joclyn E. Paulic William J. Williams Slawomir Kwasniewski Michael H. Papst 《Journal of Marine Systems》2011,84(3-4):78-84
The distribution and diet of larval and juvenile Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) were studied during summer 2005 in the coastal Canadian Beaufort Sea. A total of 275 individuals were captured and the highest abundance was observed at station depths of 20–30 m. This corresponds well with the location of the frontal zone where the Mackenzie River plume water and open sea water meet. Diet examinations were performed on 220 Arctic cod, which were found undamaged from sampling. We observed a gradual decrease in prey number per fish and increase in prey size as larvae grew which corresponded to a shift from Rotifera and nauplii towards larger copepodid stages. However, at all sizes, the larvae remain generalists and feed on a broad range of organisms. Environmental changes due to climate warming could have a two-fold impact on fish larvae feeding in the studied region. First, the potential for increased primary production may lead to increased zooplankton production that may impact the feeding and nutrition positively. On the other hand, greater discharge of turbid water from the Mackenzie River may reduce light penetration in the water column that may negatively influence the ability of visual predators to successively forage. 相似文献
723.
This paper presents a current investigation into crash experience along a 15.7-mile rural corridor in southwest Montana with the aim of better understanding crash causal factors along the corridor. The study utilized ten years of crash data, geometric data, and observed freeflow speed data along the corridor. A systematic approach was used where every tenth of a mile was described in term of the crash experience, speed, alignment, and roadside features. Using bivariate and multivariate statistical anal-yses, the study investigated the crash experience along the corridor as well as some of the underlying relationships which could explain some of the crash causal factors. Results show a strong association between crash rates and horizontal curvatures even for flat curves that can be negotiated at speeds above the posted speed limit, per the highway design equations. Higher crash rates were also found to be associated with the difference between the observed free-flow speeds and the speed dictated by the curve radius or sight distance as per the design equations. Further, results strongly support the safety benefits of guardrails as evidenced by the lower crash rates and severities. The presence of fixed objects and the steepness of side slopes were also found to have an effect on crash rates and severities. 相似文献
724.
石冰 《西安交通大学学报(英文版)》1995,(2)
FFECTSOFNITRICOXIDESYNTHESISINHIBITIONWITHORWITHOUTNITRICOXIDEINHALATIONONRESPONSESTOSYSTEMICCOCAINEADMINISTRATIONINRATS.E.He... 相似文献
725.
石冰 《西安交通大学学报(英文版)》1995,(2)
NITRICOXIDESYNTHESISINHIBITIONENHANCESBUPIVACAINECARDIOTOXICITYJ.E.Heavner,ShiBing;M.Pitkanen(DepartmentofAnesthesiology,Texa... 相似文献
726.
房志宇 《西安交通大学学报(英文版)》1995,(2)
THEEFFECTOFVITAMINCINTAKEONGLYCOHEMOGLOBINMEASUREMENTSFangZhiyu;SuMing,R.R.Little,H.M.Wiedmeyer,D.E.Goldstein(DepartmentofChi... 相似文献
727.
石冰 《西安交通大学学报(英文版)》1995,(2)
DYNAMICCHANGESINGiα2LEVELSINTHERATHEARTASSOCIATEDWITHIMPAIREDCARDIACFUNCTIONFOLLOWINGACUTEMYOCARDIALINFARCTIONSkiBing;J.E.Hea... 相似文献
728.
729.
Large-scale physical controls on phytoplankton growth in the Irminger Sea Part I: Hydrographic zones, mixing and stratification 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
N.P. Holliday J.J. Waniek R. Davidson D. Wilson L. Brown R. Sanders R.T. Pollard J.T. Allen 《Journal of Marine Systems》2006,59(3-4):201-218
Hydrographic surveys in three consecutive seasons in the Irminger Sea in 2001/2002 have revealed six physical regimes (zones) in which different surface mixing and spring re-stratification processes dominate. They are the South Irminger Current, the North Irminger Current, the Central Irminger Sea, the Polar-origin East Greenland Current, the Atlantic-origin East Greenland Current and the Reykjanes Ridge. The variations in restratification processes in particular have significant implications for the timing of shallow spring mixed layer development and therefore the timing and strength of the spring bloom. The relative roles of heat and freshwater in controlling re-stratification are examined for each hydrographic zone, and it is shown that the simplest concept of solar warming generating spring stratification is appropriate for the Irminger Current and the central Irminger Sea. However in the East Greenland Current and the Reykjanes Ridge zones, the springtime arrival of fresh or saline water at the surface dominates re-stratification and generates the earliest and strongest spring blooms of the region. In the cool fresh centre of the Irminger Sea the relatively low chlorophyll-a throughout the year cannot be wholly explained by stratification or nutrient concentrations. Details of the annual cycle in temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a and nutrients are presented for each hydrographic zone. 相似文献
730.
主要研究了应用在大功率直驱式风力发电系统中的交错Boost电路。在载波相移的基础上提出一种支路单独控制方法,该方法能够稳定直流侧输出电压,实现各支路电感良好均流。仿真和实验验证了所提方法的可行性,在风力发电场合有一定的实用价值。 相似文献