Capacity Building for Integrated Coastal Management in Asia-Pacific: The Case for Case Studies

Development of awareness and capacity is a central component to the delivery of ICM and spans from local communities to national-level politicians. Education and training activities associated with ICM must be extremely varied to match both the existing capacity and role that the stakeholders play within the process of ICM. Consequently, there cannot be considered any effective “generic” ICM training; training must be tailored to match the requirements of target groups. The transfer and uptake of good-practice thus becomes an important aspect of quality enhancement in ICM capacity development. Six case studies from the Asia-Pacific region are presented that show diverse and innovative examples of good practice. A comparative analysis of these case studies is carried out in terms of institutional level of impact. In addition a generic systems-based evaluation framework is used to determine the extent to which the training impacts upon ICM implementation indicators. It is concluded that the exchange, transfer, and translation to local conditions of appropriate good practice in ICM capacity development can be an important element in enhancing the impact of ICM programs on the coastal environments and societies. Furthermore, there appears to be a positive link between the involvement of national/state/regional stakeholders in capacity-building initiatives and impacting a wider variety of indicators of ICM delivery.     

Hydrodynamic performance of multiple-row slotted breakwaters

This study examines the hydrodynamic performance of multiple-row vertical slotted breakwaters. We developed a mathematical model based on an eigenfunction expansion method and a least squares technique for Stokes second-order waves. The numerical results obtained for limiting cases of double-row and triple-row walls are in good agreement with results of previous studies and experimental results. Comparisons with experimental measurements of the reflection, transmission, and dissipation coefficients (C _R , C _T , and C _E ) for double-row walls show that the proposed mathematical model adequately reproduces most of the important features. We found that for double-row walls, the C _R increases with increasing wave number, kd, and with a decreasing permeable wall part, dm. The C _T follows the opposite trend. The C _E slowly increases with an increasing kd for lower kd values, reaches a maximum, and then decreases again. In addition, an increasing porosity of dm would significantly decrease the C _R , while increasing the C _T . At lower values of kd, a decreasing porosity increases the C _E , but for high values of kd, a decreasing porosity reduces the C _E . The numerical results indicate that, for triple-row walls, the effect of the arrangement of the chamber widths on hydrodynamic characteristics is not significant, except when kd<0.5. Double-row slotted breakwaters may exhibit a good wave-absorbing performance at kd>0.5, where by the horizontal wave force may be smaller than that of a single wall. On the other hand, the difference between double-row and triple-row vertical slotted breakwaters is marginal.     

Performance decay of stern bearing based on lubrication numerical model and state parameters北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了实现对船舶艉轴承润滑状态的监测和评估,提出一种结合润滑性能衰变模型和支持向量机(SVM)算法的艉轴承润滑性能评估方法。[方法]针对船舶艉轴承润滑状态难以监测和识别的问题,建立轴承润滑衰变数值模型,并运用实验数据对该模型进行验证,研究载荷、粗糙度和半径间隙对润滑状态衰变机理的影响。基于SVM算法,构建润滑状态分类器,通过网格搜索算法优化超参数,利用不同润滑状态的数据集进行训练,最后实现对艉轴承润滑状态的评估。[结果]结果显示,随着外部载荷、粗糙度和半径间隙的增大,轴承润滑状态恶化的临界速度增大,动压润滑工作范围减小,混合润滑工作范围增大;由仿真数据集对润滑状态识别模型的验证表明,所提的润滑状态识别方法准确率达96.88%。[结论]所提方法能监测轴承的润滑性能特征,有效识别轴承的润滑状态。     

世界最大的蒸发器

稳定可靠的蒸发器是纸厂平稳运行的基石,随着设备呈大型化趋势,正确考虑设计和安装蒸发系统很有必要     

A two-layer model of the Rhine plume

The outflow of Rhine water into the shallow Southern Bight of the North Sea leads to almost discontinuous vertical density distributions and sharp frontal structures around the river mouth. Strong tidal motion, wind and baroclinic effects have large influence on the dynamics and dispersion of river water. A three-dimensional tidal model, including advective and diffusive transport of salinity, is used in the two-layer mode for simulation of Rhine water outflow to quantify the interaction of the different processes and the effect on dispersion and mixing of river water. Layer depths are adjusted in a way that no advective transports between upper and lower layer take place in case of sufficiently stable stratification. In case of weak or no stratification the upper layer depth is fixed, and advective transports between layers are computed. Model results show frontal eddy development and (limited) growing internal waves due to baroclinic instability. Comparisons with observational data are presented.     

Meroplankton abundance in the Northeast Water Polynya: Insights from oceanographic parameters and benthic abundance patterns

We investigated meroplankton (planktonic larvae of benthic organisms) abundance and distribution in the Northeast Water (NEW) Polynya, located on the northeast coast of Greenland, from July 15 to August 15, 1992. Meroplankton was present at all sites visited (0.03–84.83 individuals per m³); at one station meroplankton comprised 8.28% of total zooplankton. Total meroplankton abundance was correlated with total zooplankton abundance and total benthic infaunal abundance but was not correlated with either microscopic carbon concentration or primary productivity. Examination of distribution data for barnacle nauplii and adults indicated that both adults and larvae were concentrated at the same locations. Patterns of distribution were also examined for stelleroid plutei, polychaete larvae and trochophores. There were distinct geographic patterns in total and class-specific meroplankton distributions, with maximal abundances occurring over the Belgica Bank and in the eastern regions of the Westwind Trough and minimal abundances in the Belgica Trough. The apparent control of meroplankton distribution by the hydrography of the region, coupled with the correlation between meroplankton, zooplankton and adult infaunal abundance, reinforces the hypothesis that hydrography plays a major role in controlling the distribution of biota in the NEW polynya (Ambrose and Renaud, 1995; Ashjian et al., 1995, 1997-this volume; Smith et al., 1995; Piepenburg et al., 1997-this volume).     

Seasonal variability of sediment trap collections in the Northeast Water Polynya. Part 2. Biochemical and microscopic composition of sedimenting matter

The annual pattern of vertical particle flux in the Northeast Water (NEW) Polynya was recorded from August 1992 to July 1993 by means of moored time-series sediment traps. A distinct seasonal pattern in sedimentation was observed, with highest flux rates during August–October 1992. During this time 40–70% of the annual total sedimented matter (dry weight, DW) and the components, carbonate, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON), particulate biogenic silica (bPSi) and biogenic matter were recorded: 9.83, 2.04, 1.03, 0.69, 0.14 and 5.55 g m⁻², respectively. Microscopic analysis of the particles revealed that diatoms contributed about 10% of the POC flux, but up to 40% of the POC flux originated from the houses and faeces of appendicularians during the period of highest flux rates. In contrast, faecal pellets were only a minor component of sedimenting POC after the opening of the polynya in June 1993. During this period a sedimentation event of Melosira arctica dominated the microscopically recognizable fraction of the POC. Following the low winter values a significant deviation in POC flux in March documented an early onset of plankton growth and a rapid response to the formation of a winter polynya paralleled by a local change in ice conditions. This was supported by the stable nitrogen isotope signature of the sedimented matter, also indicating an early onset of plankton production in the NEW Polynya. However, the overall amplitude of the Δ¹⁵N signal in the sinking particles showed only small variations (<4‰) and was significantly below the amplitude observed in sedimented material from the Northern North Atlantic ( 8‰). The composition of the sedimented matter, comprising mainly fast sinking particles (appendicularian houses, faecal peliets and Melosira aggregates) lead us to conclude that sedimentation in the NEW Polynya was spatially heterogeneous.     

Connection design for two-floating beam system for minimum hydroelastic response

This paper is concerned with the connection design for a two-floating beam system for minimum hydroelastic response. The frequency domain approach is used for the hydroelastic analysis. The fluid is modelled as an ideal fluid, and the floating beams are modelled by the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The boundary element method (BEM) and the finite element method (FEM) are applied to solve the governing equation of the fluid motion and the beam equation of motion, respectively. The study aims to investigate the optimum location and rotational stiffness of the connection for the two-floating beam system with the view to minimize the compliance. The study also investigates the effects of relative beam stiffnesses on the hydroelastic response of the two-floating beam system.     

Probability distributions of wave run-up on a TLP model

Wave run-up on multi-column compliant and rigid platforms both on the weather-side and beneath the platform deck is a complex wave–structure interaction problem. Predictions based upon higher order hydrodynamic design codes have been improved our understanding of this phenomena but have not appreciably reduced the reliance on model tests and statistical analyses. In this study a three parameter distribution model is developed based upon the inclusion of linear, second-order, and mean contributions to the wave run-up utilizing the method of L-moments. Explicit expressions are derived relating the L-moments and the input from experimental data. The sample L-moments are developed from a linear combination of ordered sequence of the data and consequently the high order L-moments, i.e. L-skewness and L-kurtosis, are less biased than the corresponding ordinary moments. The L-moment definitions of the variance, skewness and kurtosis are numerically compared with values obtained using the more standard definitions for these parameters. Rigid hull measurements are compared with the compliant hull configuration for a mini-TLP model. The sea-states investigated include the relatively benign sea conditions off of West Africa and the more extreme sea environments of Gulf of Mexico.     

用Rankine波幅函数预报高速三体／五体船主体与侧体的兴波阻力干扰

基于兴波阻力的薄船理论,作者曾提出用兰金体波幅函数(RWAF)代替实际船型的波幅函数,确定了高速双体船片体间的阻力干扰因子,从而可计算得到双体船的兴波阻力.本文将该方法用于高速三体船侧体与主体之间的兴波阻力干扰计算,以探讨主、侧体尺度及相对位置变化对于兴波阻力干扰因子τO、τOM的影响及其变化规律.基于这一研究结果,可实现用单体船阻力的实验资料,经过侧体、主体间的兴波干扰影响理论修正,来估算高速三体船的阻力;同时可用于对于最小阻力三体船片体尺度与布局之优化.