温度和合金元素对 SiC 与 Al、AlSi_7、AlSi_7Mg_1 润湿性的影响

在氩气保护下，在不同温度（７００～１０００℃）、不同接触时间（０～３０ｍｉｎ）时，测量了ＳｉＣ与Ａｌ、ＡｌＳｉ７、ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ１合金之间的润湿角，并分析比较和讨论了合金成分与接触温度对润湿性的影响．     

奔驰222/213车系加装无钥匙便捷进入

<正>加装说明:本文和大家分享一下奔驰新款222车系加装无钥匙便捷进入的方法和步骤。此加装方法适用于奔驰型号为222/213/205/253等系列,本文以S320轿车为例进行介绍。加装步骤总体分4大步:1.拆下原车的车门拉手,用新的车门拉手替换原车的车门拉手,如图1所示。然后是走线,用图2的线束。通过原车车门管道接口连接到主线(如图3所示)。     

奔驰新款CLA200加装倒车影像

<正>加装说明:本文和大家分享一下奔驰新款CLA200加装倒车影像后视摄像头(如图1所示)的方法和步骤。此加装适用奔驰新款CLA200,型号117.3。加装步骤:此步骤总体来说分为两大类即拆卸和安装,那么我们先来说拆卸部分。1.将前排乘客座椅向后移动。2.关闭点火开关,取下遥控钥匙。3.断开蓄电池接地线。4.拆下前车门和右后车门槛装饰条。     

Can rural older drivers meet their needs without a car? Stated adaptation responses from a GPS travel diary survey

Rural seniors are highly dependent on their automobile to meet their trip making needs, yet the effects of aging can make access to the vehicle difficult or impossible over time. The anticipated growth in the older person population, in concert with limited travel data available to support rural transportation planning in Canada suggests a disconnect between what rural older people may require for transportation and the availability of formal alternatives. Many will seek informal alternatives to driving, such as depending on friends and family, to meet their travel needs, but the degree is not well understood in the context of their actual vehicle usage and stated ability to adapt. This paper draws from a Global Positioning System (GPS)-based multi-day travel diary survey of a convenience sample of 60 rural older drivers (29 men, 31 women, average age of 69.6 years) from New Brunswick, Canada. Participants would rely on “friends and family” for 52% of all trips they undertook as driver in the survey, “walk or bike” for 14% of trips, and “not take the trip” in 34% of trips if they did not have access to a vehicle. The formal option of “Transit” was not selected as a viable alternative by any participant for any trip. “Medical trips”, “Shopping” and “Personal Errands” were the least discretionary of all trip types, yet the most difficult for participants to find alternate arrangements. This suggests the need to explore different models of service delivery, such as a community-supported, member-based rural shuttle service with volunteer and paid drivers that build on informal social networks and can provide service when friends and family are unavailable.     

Efficiency of urban public transit: A meta analysis

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, to provide a statistical overview of the literature on public transit efficiency performance. Second, to statistically explain the variation in efficiency findings reported in the literature. To this end, first some key concepts of efficiency analysis will be introduced, while next the different frontier methodologies that are used in the literature will be discussed. The empirical part of this paper consists of a statistical summary of the literature as well as meta-regression analyses for different samples of the literature in order to identify key determinants of technical efficiency (TE) of public transit operators. For a broad sample of observations, we found significant and consistent effects of the type of database, region and output measurement method. For the sample of non-parametric studies we found that the type of frontier assumptions also have an impact on the efficiency ratio. Further results show that there is no statistical difference in TE ratios between parametric and non-parametric studies. Finally, we found a positive univariate relationship between the number of inputs in the estimated specification and the efficiency ratio.     

Patchiness in the Fly River plume in Torres Strait

Oceanographic studies were carried out from August 1994 to March 1995 on the intrusion of the Fly River plume in Torres Strait. Measurements at offshore coral reefs revealed an event of decreased salinity (≈24) while salinity of the water over the reefs fluctuated between 30–34 the rest of the time. Modelling suggests that this event resulted from the reversal of longshore currents advecting old river plume water back past the river mouth. There the new river water mixed with the old river plume water generating a patch of low-salinity water. While such events may be infrequent, they have the potential to leave a terrestrial signature on offshore coral reefs, in terms of (1) an input of terrigenous sediment and (2) the possible incorporation of riverine particulate metal into the food chain. The impact during an intrusion event may be significant. In the long term the riverine material is diluted in calcareous sediment produced throughout the year by bio-erosion of coral reefs.     

星期四计划——关于城市交通的新畅通计划

简要介绍了关于城市创新策略计划的提案.这项提案旨在解决城市所面临的双重挑战:如何让城市变得更加畅通,同时又能改善环境质量并提高人们居住、工作和生活的质量.为了进一步说明,通过对EcoPlan国际畅通项目的观察总结,提出了6个论点,说明为何需要采取新的综合方案来应对大多数城市所面临的挑战.提出了一个旨在改变城市或邻近地区如何对待小汽车使用的方案,即在精心的准备下过一天没有小汽车的日子,然后对结果进行反思.此方案称为"星期四计划".该提案强调了:明确这一天的基本目标;精心准备,努力达成共识;对结果进行严格检测,以便做好跟踪和调整工作.希望可以鼓励不同观点,获得进一步的改进意见,促进各个地方制定具体跟进措施和协作项目.     

Advances in population synthesis: fitting many attributes per agent and fitting to household and person margins simultaneously

Agent-based microsimulation models of transportation, land use or other socioeconomic processes require an initial synthetic population derived from census data, conventionally created using the iterative proportional fitting (IPF) procedure. This paper introduces a novel computational method that allows the synthesis of many more attributes and finer attribute categories than previous approaches, both of which are long-standing limitations discussed in the literature. Additionally, a new approach is used to fit household and person zonal attribute distributions simultaneously. This technique was first adopted to address limitations specific to Canadian census data, but could also be useful in U.S. and other applications. The results of each new method are evaluated empirically in terms of goodness-of-fit.     

Measuring the completeness of complete streets

A tool for measuring the “completeness” of a complete street has applications in developing policy, prioritising areas for infrastructure investment for a network, and solving the right-of-way allocation problem for individual streets. A literature review was conducted on the state-of-art in the assessment complete street designs. Complete streets assessment requires a context-sensitive approach, thus context-sensitive standards of “completeness” must first be established by combining a street classification system with sets of priorities and target performance levels for the different types of streets. Performance standards should address a street’s fulfilment of the movement, environmental, and place functions, and be flexible enough to account for the many ways that these functions of a street can be fulfilled. Most frameworks reviewed are unsuitable for evaluating complete streets because, with few exceptions, they guide street design by specifying the design elements for inclusion on the street. Secondly, the performance of a street can be assessed according to transportation, environmental, and place criteria, and compared to the target performance levels specified by the street’s classification. As there are many different impacts to consider on a street, additional work is required to define the priorities and performance objectives for different types of streets.     

Identifying the most critical transportation intersections using social network analysis

Traffic congestion negatively impacts our society. Most of the traditional transportation planning techniques – though effective – require rigorous amounts of data and analysis which consumes time and resources. This paper uses social network analysis (SNA) to analyze transportation networks, and consequently corroborate the effectiveness of SNA as a complementary tool for improved transportation planning. After creating the connection between the language and concepts of SNA and those of transportation systems – as well as developing a model that utilizes different SNA centrality measures within the transportation context – the authors utilize SNA to investigate traffic networks in three case studies in the state of Louisiana, analyze the results and draw conclusions. To this effect, with minimal cost and time, the model identifies the most critical intersections that should be further investigated using traditional techniques. These results are in agreement with the findings of Louisiana’s Department of Transportation and Development.