邻近营业线隧道小净距控制爆破施工技术

重庆枢纽北左、北右联络线隧道与既有蔡东联络线双碑隧道水平最小净距只有7 m,设计采用控制爆破施工,要求既有隧道爆破振速不大于5 cm/s,施工难度极大。为减少施工对既有隧道的影响,通过试爆获得振动衰减规律,验证开挖方式的可行性,利用试爆结果,完善了最终的爆破方案,并在正式施工中得到了成功应用,保证了重庆枢纽联络线隧道开挖工程的安全高效完成。     

Mean Value WGT Diesel Engine Calibration Model for Effective Simulation Research

Recently, to improve vehicle fuel economy, as well as the performance of internal combustion engines, optimized system matching between a vehicle’s drivetrain and engine has become a very important technical issue. For this reason, the need for simulation research on engine and vehicle performance improvement has increased. But in general, since both engine simulation and vehicle simulation require initial engine calibration map input, a simple engine calibration method is required for the efficient configuration of various virtual engine calibration map setups. On this background, in this study, an example of waste gate turbocharger (WGT) cooled — exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) Diesel engine calibration using a test-based mean value engine model is presented as a suitable engine calibration map setting method. Also, the feasibility of an engine calibration model is confirmed through various engine tests. Using the simple model presented here, it is possible for diverse engine operating conditions and engine performance maps to be acquired.     

Experimental investigation into the mechanism of the polygonal wear of electric locomotive wheels

Experiments were conducted at field sites to investigate the mechanism of the polygonal wear of electric locomotive wheels. The polygonal wear rule of electric locomotive wheels was obtained. Moreover, two on-track tests have been carried out to investigate the vibration characteristics of the electric locomotive's key components. The measurement results of wheels out-of-round show that most electric locomotive wheels exhibit polygonal wear. The main centre wavelength in the 1/3 octave bands is 200?mm and/or 160?mm. The test results of vibration characteristics indicate that the dominating frequency of the vertical acceleration measured on the axle box is approximately equal to the passing frequency of a polygonal wheel, and does not vary with the locomotive speed during the acceleration course. The wheelset modal analysis using the finite element method (FEM) indicates that the first bending resonant frequency of the wheelset is quite close to the main vibration frequency of the axle box. The FEM results are verified by the experimental modal analysis of the wheelset. Moreover, different plans were designed to verify whether the braking system and the locomotive's adhesion control have significant influence on the wheel polygon or not. The test results indicate that they are not responsible for the initiation of the wheel polygon. The first bending resonance of the wheelset is easy to be excited in the locomotive operation and it is the root cause of wheel polygon with centre wavelength of 200?mm in the 1/3 octave bands.     

基于响应面法的内燃机曲轴优化

针对内燃机曲轴的结构强度问题,以内燃机实际运行工况下整体曲轴有限元仿真为基础,通过中心组合试验方法进行采样,运用最小二乘法、显著性分析和拟合精度检测,构建并修正了曲轴结构强度计算的响应面模型,选择关键几何结构参数为设计变量,采用模拟退火与直接搜索相结合的协同优化方法对响应面模型进行优化。对某内燃机曲轴的优化算例表明,该优化方法能大大提高曲轴设计的优化效率,具有较高的精度。     

水下平台进水下潜过程的稳定性控制

介绍了某型水下平台的压载水系统组成,分析了其进水下潜过程的工作特点,结合静力学原理对平台进行分析和建模。针对进水控制系统为MIMO型且存在多变量耦合,采用模糊解耦的方法进行解耦分析,提出了一种基于模糊控制算法的平台进水下潜过程稳定性控制方法。经Matlab仿真表明,这种控制方法能够满足平台自动进水下潜过程的稳定性以及快速性要求。最后,通过实际系统水下试验进一步验证其可靠性。     

破损船舶的应急响应方法研究

船舶破损进水后的浮态与稳性发生变化,船舶在波浪中的运动响应及船体梁载荷也将随之改变,通过采取应急响应措施,可以有效改善其航行状况.以某一典型破损工况为例,计算了船舶破损后的浮态、稳性、运动响应及载荷,并与破损前进行了对比.结果显示:船舶破损后,横倾变大,横摇运动明显增加,扭矩与水平剪力增幅较大,水平弯矩与垂向剪力也有所增加.针对船舶的破损工况,提出了5种应急响应方案,对比这5种方案下的船舶状态,发现在左舷底边1号～5号压载舱各加入95％的压载水方案最优.     

深水Spar钻采储运平台极限强度可靠性分析

针对一种新型的深水立柱式Spar钻采储运平台(Spar Drilling Production Storage Offloading)的结构特点进行极限强度可靠性研究。SDPSO平台的中间舱段为储油系统,其结构的安全性尤为重要,本文验证了在波浪弯矩年极值条件下其特殊储油系统结构的安全性。采用SESAM/Wadam软件对SDPSO平台进行水动力计算,利用序列统计法得到年极值短期海况,然后采用极值I型分布得到该短期海况下的波浪弯矩极值;利用ABAQUS非线性有限元软件和改进的Rosenblueth法进行SDPSO平台中舱段的极限强度计算,并得到极限承载能力的概率分布。最后基于一次二阶矩法完成SDPSO平台弯曲极限强度的可靠性计算,结果表明平台结构极限强度具有较高的安全水平,为深海立柱式海洋平台设计提供了依据和参考。     

利用负载磁场法求解永磁同步电动机的交直轴电枢反应电抗

永磁同步电动机电抗参数的准确计算对于电机性能分析与电机优化设计是至关重要的。介绍了一种基于电机任意运行工况下,利用有限元法求解永磁同步电动机的交直轴电枢反应电抗Xaq、Xad以及永磁体空载感应电压E0的方法。基于有限元法计算非线性负载磁场得出内感应电压Eδ和内功率角δi,进而推导得出Xad、Xaq和E0。并将此方法应用于求解一台额定功率630k W的船用表贴式永磁同步电动机的交直轴电枢反应电抗。     

降雨条件下胀缩性裂隙边坡稳定性研究

以某胀缩性裂隙边坡为例,基于非饱和土力学理论,利用有限元方法,对降雨入渗条件下胀缩性裂隙边坡稳定安全系数进行计算和分析,研究了裂隙的位置、深度和降雨的强度对胀缩性裂隙边坡稳定的影响规律.研究表明:裂隙位于坡面边坡稳定性最低,位于坡顶次之,位于坡脚偏于安全;整个降雨过程中边坡稳定安全系数随着裂隙开裂深度增大而逐渐降低;边坡稳定性随着降雨强度的增加显著降低,但随着降雨的持续,边坡安全系数趋于稳定.     

误踩油门保护装置的研究现状

汽车驾驶过程中,错踩油门(油门当刹车)引发的交通事故屡见不鲜。由此可见误踩油门保护装置研发的重要性。本文将对现有的误踩油门保护装置的误踩油门判定方法和误踩油门后采取的措施以及特殊的油门刹车结构进行归纳整理。