Improving the coexistence of offshore wind farms and shipping: an international comparison of navigational risk assessment processes

The continued growth and evolution of the offshore wind industry, and the emergence of other novel marine uses such as wave and tidal generators, have upped the ante for spatial planners, as well as consenting and approval authorities in various coastal states. These stakeholders rely on processes such as navigational risk assessments (NRAs) to balance safety and efficiency requirements and to make optimal decisions over use of space. Given the increasingly complex and crowded seascape, however, there are some apprehensions about potential shortcomings in these NRA processes. There is also some concern that these inadequacies may lead to unsafe or inefficient marine spatial use. To understand how NRA processes can be improved further, a literature review is conducted, followed by a survey of respondents who are involved in the planning, consenting and/or approval of offshore wind farms across seven different countries. A summary of the NRA processes in these seven countries is presented, and several shortcomings are identified. Based on the findings of the survey, a list of recommendations is presented to enhance existing NRA processes—and to improve the coexistence of shipping and offshore wind farms (OWFs).     

主动磁轴承的神经网络辨识研究

简述了主动磁轴承的工作原理及数学模型,在传统系统辨识的基础上提出了基于BP神经网络的非线性辨识方案.通过闭环控制使转子稳定悬浮,并在控制器的输出信号中加入随机噪声,以使系统被充分激励.按照10 kHz的采样频率对磁轴承的I/O数据进行采样,以用于磁轴承特性的辨识.对某单自由度磁轴承的仿真表明,神经网络模型能够以很高的精度逼近磁轴承的输入输出数据,且对不同的输入信号有较好的泛化能力,验证了所提方案的有效性.     

Si-Al-F 系可加工陶瓷制备工艺的研究——化学成分对玻化、结晶过程的影响

玻化和结晶过程是可加工陶瓷制备过程中重要的环节．本文研究了化学成分对玻化和结晶阶段的影响，在玻化阶段希望得到均匀的玻璃熔体，并且冷却过程中不出现晶化；在结晶阶段又希望得到较高的结晶度，这就必须控制晶化成分的加入量．Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＭｇＯ的含量降低可使玻化温度降低；ＭｇＯ又是结晶过程的形核剂，含量不宜过低；氟化物含量高可使玻化温度降低，既是助熔剂又是形核剂．最后给出了可以在玻化阶段得到均匀透明玻璃熔体而结晶阶段可获得较高结晶度的最佳配方．     

采用预防性养护改进路面管理系统

着眼于如何采用预防性养护改进路面管理系统,使路面管理系统支持预防性养护计划的制定;提出整合的方法,分析每一种方法的优缺点,讨论整合的必要性以及在整合过程中可能遇到的问题,最后为如何有效的把预防性养护整合到路面管理系统中提供了一些技术措施。     

Geometrical design of blade＇s surface and boundary control of Navier-Stokes equations

In this article a new principle of geometric design for blade＇s surface of an impeller is provided. This is an optimal control problem for the boundary geometric shape of flow and the control variable is the surface of the blade. We give a minimal functional depending on the geometry of the blade＇s surface and such that the flow＇s loss achieves minimum. The existence of the solution of the optimal control problem is proved and the Euler-Lagrange equations for the surface of the blade are derived. In addition, under a new curvilinear coordinate system, the flow domain between the two blades becomes a fixed hexahedron, and the surface as a mapping from a bounded domain in R2 into R3 , is explicitly appearing in the objective functional. The Navier-Stokes equations, which include the mapping in their coefficients, can be computed by using operator splitting algorithm. Furthermore, derivatives of the solution of Navier- Stokes equations with respect to the mapping satisfy linearized Navier-Stokes equations which can be solved by using operator splitting algorithms too. Hence, a conjugate gradient method can be used to solve the optimal control problem.     

Five-axis interpolation of continuous short linear trajectories for 3[PP]S-<Emphasis Type="Italic">XY</Emphasis> hybrid mechanism by dual Bezier blending

A novel five-axis real-time interpolation algorithm for 3[PP]S-XY hybrid mechanism is proposed in this paper. In the algorithm, the five-axis tool path for controlling this hybrid mechanism is separated into two sub-paths. One sub-path describes the movement of 3[PP]S parallel kinematic mechanism module, and the other one describes the movement of XY platform. A pair of cubic Bezier curves is employed to smooth the corners in those two sub-paths. Based on the homogenous Jacobian matrix of 3[PP]S mechanism, a relationship between the position errors of every driving joint in hybrid mechanism and the position deviation of the tool tip center point at the moving platform is established. This relationship is used to estimate the approximation error for the corners smoothing according to the accuracy requirement of tool tip center in interpolation. Due to the high computational efficiency of this corner smoothing method, it is integrated into the look-ahead module of computer numerical control (CNC) system to perform online tool path smoothing. By performing the speed planning based on a floating window scheme, a jerk limited S-shape speed profile can be generated efficiently. On this basis, a realtime look-ahead scheme, which is comprised of path-smoothing and feedrate scheduling, is developed to acquire a speed profile with smooth acceleration. A monotonic cubic spline is employed for synchronization between those two smoothed sub-paths in tool path interpolation. This interpolation algorithm has been integrated into our own developed CNC system to control a 3PRS-XY experimental instrument (P, R and S standing for prismatic, revolute and spherical, respectively). A club shaped trajectory is adopted to verify the smoothness and efficiency of the five-axis interpolator for hybrid mechanism control.     

婴幼儿肺炎肺动脉高压期和心衰期的判断

本文采用肺阻抗微分图时相分析法测量RPEP/RVET和RPEP/T两个比值以区别婴幼儿肺炎肺动脉高压期和心衰期。然后再以此两个比值作为客观指标观察心衰期及肺动脉高压期的临床表现,提出临床上的判断标准及何时需用血管扩张药。     

苦参素对Hela细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的探讨苦参素(Matrine)对体外培养的人宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。方法Hela细胞体外培养,MTT法检测细胞增殖,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,免疫组化法检测细胞增殖核抗原(PCNA)蛋白的表达水平。结果与对照组相比,0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0g/L苦参素均能显著抑制HeLa细胞生长(P<0.05),药物浓度在0.5-1.5g/L之间时表现出时效和量效关系;苦参素2.0、2.5、3.0g/L与1.5g/L相比,抑制无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,1.0、1.5、2.0g/L苦参素组可见到显著性细胞凋亡(P<0.05);1.5g/L苦参素组作用48h和72h时PCNA蛋白表达显著下调(P<0.05)。结论苦参素可能通过抑制增殖和诱导凋亡的双重途径抑制宫颈癌Hela细胞的生长,苦参素有可能成为治疗子宫颈癌的一种药物。     

P物质和表皮生长因子受体在早期银屑病发病中的作用

目的　探讨P物质 (substanceP ,SP)和表皮生长因子受体 (epidermalgrowthfactorreceptor ,EGFR)在银屑病发病早期的作用机制。方法　用放射免疫法检测正常组织和各期银屑病皮损处SP和EGFR的表达状况。结果　进行期银屑病患者和静止期银屑病患者皮损处SP明显高于恢复期患者和正常人 (P <0 .0 5 )。进行期和静止期银屑病患者皮损表皮中EGFR阳性表达明显高于正常皮肤 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;恢复期皮损的阳性表达与正常组织无显著差异性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　SP和EGFR可能在银屑病发病的早期阶段相互协同而起关键作用     

徐州市和平路斜拉桥主梁施工线形控制

以徐州和平路斜拉桥的施工为背景,分析独塔双跨混凝土斜拉桥主梁施工线形控制中的有关问题,重点强调立模标高的准确性和施工过程中主梁标高误差的控制原则,对该桥的主梁施工线形进行了有效控制。