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排序方式: 共有164条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Chile has been attempting to establish a Management Area (MA) system that melds the use of marine protected areas with marine tenure. The process has brought to the fore the competing interests of various user groups: artisanal fishermen, marine science professionals, government managers, tourist developers, and the Navy. We explore the core relationships among fishermen and the ecologists and biologists whose work is essential for establishing and maintaining a MA. The MA system's creation and implementation raise the key question of whether a marine tenure system can work under the conditions imposed by the Chilean government. There is a need to recognize and reconcile contradictions in a government management model that strives simultaneously to be a conservation zone and a financially profitable co-management zone. This article examines the MA management system's fault lines in the context of Chile's political economy, and the intimate interaction of management with fishermen's cultural survival strategies. 相似文献
42.
Some European governments subsidize their residents when they travel at sea. This paper seeks to analyze the impact on prices of maritime passengers’ subsidies in Europe. Following a review of the scarce academic literature on this topic and the subsidy scheme in Europe, a sample of firms’ prices and other characteristics of 40 European routes for 2016 are analyzed. Both an estimation of a price equation and a matching approach are applied and reach the same conclusion: prices per kilometer are around 40 per cent higher on those subsidized routes due to subsidies. This outcome reduces the potential subsidy gain to consumers. 相似文献
43.
Francisco J. Bahamonde-Birke Uwe Kunert Heike Link Juan de Dios Ortúzar 《Transportation》2017,44(3):475-493
We provide an in-depth theoretical discussion about the differences between individual-specific latent constructs (representing attitudes, for example, but also other characteristics such as values or personality traits) and alternative-specific latent constructs (that may represent perceptions) affecting the choice-making process of individuals; we also carry out an empirical exercise to analyze their effects. This discussion is of importance, as the majority of papers considering attitudinal latent variables just take these as attributes affecting directly the utility of a certain alternative, while systematic taste variations are rarely considered and perceptions are mostly ignored. The results of our case study show that perceptions may indeed affect the decision making process and that they are able to capture a significant part of the variability that is normally explained by alternative specific constants. Furthermore, our results indicate that attitudes may be a reason for systematic taste variations, and that a proper categorization of latent variables, in accordance with underlying theory, may outperform the customary assumption of linearity. 相似文献
44.
Julián Martínez Moya 《运输评论》2017,37(3):300-321
As a result of the intense changes occurring in port environment over the last decades, new models of competitiveness have been developed, where port authorities try to increase their attractiveness. In this context, one of the most debated issues in this area of research is still the role played by port authorities in defining port competitiveness. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of port choice literature enabling to identify the main port choice’s criteria in order to define the role played by Port Authorities and to point out future lines of research that should be undertaken to fully incorporate current ports’ environment and performance. The results show that although some studies point out the importance of geographical factors in port choice, a larger number of studies defend the increasing role played by port authorities in determining the competitiveness through investing in port infrastructure, improving port efficiency or hinterland accessibility. Despite the existing models contributing on this topic, there are still some gaps in terms of measuring the port performance, including port strategies and studying the port choice for specific industries. 相似文献
45.
C. Asensio J.M. López R. Pagán I. Pavón M. Ausejo 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2009,14(5):360-366
One of the most difficult and expensive tasks in making noise pollution maps is the collection and processing of the data needed to create acoustic models. In the case of road traffic noise maps, obtaining speed data for light and heavy vehicles a problem that has usually been avoided by using a road’s speed limit or by making assumptions based on experience from similar road types. Here global positioning systems-based techniques are applied for acquiring vehicle speed data and adapted to fulfill the requirements of noise prediction models. 相似文献
46.
Transportation - Sidewalk cyclists are a major concern to planners in many cities around the world: they are considerable in numbers, and increase the risk of injury not only to pedestrians but... 相似文献
47.
The City of Madrid is putting into operation Intermodal Exchange Stations (IESs) to make connections between urban and suburban transportation modes easier for users of public transportation. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the actual effects that the implementation of IESs in the City of Madrid has on the affected stakeholders: users, public transportation operators, infrastructure managers, the government, the abutters and other citizens. We develop a methodology intended to help assess the welfare gains and losses for each stakeholder. Then we apply this methodology to the case study of the Avenida de América IES in the city of Madrid. We found that it is indeed possible to arrive at win?Cwin solutions for the funding of urban transportation infrastructure, as long as the cost-benefit ratio of the project is high enough. Commuters save travel time. Bus companies diminish their costs of operation. The abutters gain in quality of life. The private operator of the infrastructure makes a fair profit. And the government is able to promote these infrastructure facilities without spending more of its scarce budgetary resources. 相似文献
48.
Francisco Pérez José A. Suárez Juan A. Clemente Antonio Souto 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2007,12(2):83-94
Nowadays, bulbous bow forms have become a common design feature in most conventional ship designs. The design of a bulbous
bow is usually attempted with the use of certain form parameters that are imposed using the designer's experience or regression
values that provide the optimum parameters based on experimental tests or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations.
In this article, the geometric modelling of a bulbous bow form that complies with a series of parameters is presented. First,
a wire model was constructed with cubic B-spline curves that hold certain form parameters that the designer wants to impose.
Second, a B-spline surface that fits these splines was mathematically constructed. A review of the influence of the design
parameters used on the bulbous bow properties was made. This method could be used prior to numerical optimization of a bulbous
bow because different variations of the design can be easily generated. These variations can be tested numerically using CFD
software. A practical application example of the method is shown. 相似文献
49.
Effect of attitudes, habit and affective appraisal on mode choice: an application to university workers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Traditionally, car use and modal choice, in general, have been studied under the random utility framework, assuming that individuals
choose a particular mode based on their own socio-economic characteristics and the attributes describing the available options.
This approach has originated useful models which have been able to explain modal split. However, at the same time, it has
received critics because of its poor characterization of human behaviour and the weakness of its assumptions. Research has
suggested that socio-psychological factors could help to understand better the choice process. In this paper, attitudinal
theory and its link to human behaviour were used to select attitudes, habit and affective appraisals as explanatory variables.
They were measured using ad-hoc instruments, which were combined with a revealed preference questionnaire, in order to obtain
information about the traveller and the chosen mode. This instrument was applied to a sample extracted from staff members
of the University of Concepcion, Chile. Analyses of attitudinal variables showed that car use habit was positively correlated
to attitude and positive emotions towards car, implying that breaking the vicious circle of car use through persuasive techniques
might be difficult. Estimation of discrete choice models showed that attitudinal variables presented a significant contribution
to modal utility, and helped to improve both fitness and statistical significance. Results showed that choice can be influenced
by factors related to attitudes and affective appraisal, and that their study is necessary in order to achieve an effective
car use reduction.
相似文献
Alejandro TudelaEmail: |
50.