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51.
Obtaining attribute values of non‐chosen alternatives in a revealed preference context is challenging because non‐chosen alternative attributes are unobserved by choosers, chooser perceptions of attribute values may not reflect reality, existing methods for imputing these values suffer from shortcomings, and obtaining non‐chosen attribute values is resource intensive. This paper presents a unique Bayesian (multiple) Imputation Multinomial Logit model that imputes unobserved travel times and distances of non‐chosen travel modes based on random draws from the conditional posterior distribution of missing values. The calibrated Bayesian (multiple) Imputation Multinomial Logit model imputes non‐chosen time and distance values that convincingly replicate observed choice behavior. Although network skims were used for calibration, more realistic data such as supplemental geographically referenced surveys or stated preference data may be preferred. The model is ideally suited for imputing variation in intrazonal non‐chosen mode attributes and for assessing the marginal impacts of travel policies, programs, or prices within traffic analysis zones. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
52.
我有些朋友在香港买很贵的车,但到了内地却选择相对很便宜的车。有时候我不太能理解他们,为什么买得起千万的豪华跑车。到了内地却开辆中产阶级的车,这次总算知道了一个重要原因。  相似文献   
53.
反对的权利     
Rose Tan 《汽车杂志》2009,(8):188-188
赛车这个行业,跟世界上所有的行业一样,也有歧视和不平等。特别是对于人行不久而又没有强大幕后支持的人来说,你有时会觉得:为什么他们可以那样做而不允许我那样做?为什么有些人做得不好反而被赞扬而自己成绩这么好却会被贬低?世界就是不公平的。在你非常有理的时候,你有权利反对。反对之后也许短期是个对你有利的结果,但你要为此承担长期的后果。  相似文献   
54.
Travel time information influences driver behaviour and can contribute to reducing congestion and improving network efficiency. Consequently many road authorities disseminate travel time information on road side signs, web sites and radio traffic broadcasts. Operational systems commonly rely on speed data obtained from inductive loop detectors and estimate travel times using simple algorithms that are known to provide poor predictions particularly on either side of the peak period. This paper presents a new macroscopic model for predicting freeway travel times which overcomes the limitations of operational ‘instantaneous’ speed models by drawing on queuing theory to model the processing of vehicles in sections or cells of the freeway. The model draws on real-time speed, flow and occupancy data and is formulated to accommodate varying geometric conditions, the relative distribution of vehicles along the freeway, variations in speed limits, the impact of ramp flows and fixed or transient bottlenecks. Field validation of the new algorithm was undertaken using data from two operational freeways in Melbourne, Australia. Consistent with the results of simulation testing, the validation confirmed that the recursive model provided a substantial improvement in travel time predictions when compared to the model currently used to provide real-time travel time information to motorists in Melbourne.  相似文献   
55.
Modelling the temporal response of travellers to transport policy interventions has rapidly emerged as a major issue in many practical transport planning studies and is recognised to hold particular challenges. The importance of congestion and its variation over the day, together with the emergence of time-dependent road user charging as a policy tool, emphasise the need to understand whether and how travellers will change the timing of their journeys. For practical planning studies, analysts face a major issue of relating temporal changes to other behavioural changes that are likely to result from policy or exogenous changes. In particular, the relative sensitivity of time and mode switching has been difficult to resolve. This paper describes a study undertaken to determine the relative sensitivity of mode and time of day choice to changes in travel times and costs and to investigate whether evidence exists of varying magnitudes of unobservable influences in time of day switching. The study draws on data from three related stated preference studies undertaken over the past decade in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands and uses error components logit models to investigate the patterns of substitution between mode and time of day alternatives. It is concluded that the magnitude of unobserved influences on time switching depends significantly on the magnitudes of the time switches considered. With time periods of the magnitude generally represented in practical modelling, i.e. peak periods of 2–3 hours, time switching is generally more sensitive in these data than mode switching. However, the context of the modelling and the extent to which relevant variables can be measured will strongly influence these results.  相似文献   
56.
Utilizing data collected for urban transportation studies in Ontario, regression analysis has been used to establish relationships between the daily number of person trips in an urban area and the area population. In particular the number of trips by auto drivers, auto passengers and mass transit riders have been investigated. Further, auto driver trips have been stratified into the following destination trip purposes: return home, work and related business, shopping, social-recreational and miscellaneous. The results of this analysis have been used to prepare a set of design charts. These charts are presented graphically and in the form of a nomogram. The accuracy of these charts has been investigated and found satisfactory for most planning purposes.  相似文献   
57.
今年亚洲超级跑车挑战赛的开幕战在4月,也是我参赛有史以来第一次,比赛就在眼前,而很多车手还用疑惑的腔调互相打听:我们的比赛是否能如期进行?  相似文献   
58.
时常会听到赛车圈里的前辈老师或者有经验的赛车手提到某个年轻的新生车手是否有赛车天分。中国的赛车历史很短,深谙赛车之道的人也不多,怎么能判断一个刚成年或者未成年的孩子是否有赛车天分呢?  相似文献   
59.
去年到今年,最热门的超级跑车就是法拉利430的Scuderia了。去年夏天,Scuderia刚进中国,我在上海郊外道路上开过一辆蓝色的Scuderia;去年11月,在上海F1赛车场试驾了一辆红色的Scuderia;这次,我在香港街道上开了一辆黑色的Scuderia。  相似文献   
60.
2009年,从赛车的繁华表象上根本看不到金融危机:我忍痛割舍的超级跑车挑战赛今年变成了亚洲GT3,很多车手更换了新赛车,不管是300万元还是400万元的新赛车,照样在比赛中撞得一塌糊涂,因为名次比损伤更重要。今年还新增了4、5项新赛事,项项都是收钱的赛事,我被邀请试车的锐迪可就是其中之一。  相似文献   
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