T形航路船舶交通通过能力分析

针对中国航道船舶交通现状,提出T形航路船舶交通通过能力的研究课题,建立T形航路船舶交通通过能力模型,最后借助计算机语言实现模型的求解。     

A study of fatigue crack propagation at a web stiffener on a longitudinal stiffener

Predicting fatigue crack growth after its detection during in-service inspection is necessary to prevent a loss of serviceability, such as the oil and/or water tightness of critical compartments. This paper focuses on the most typical fatigue cracks that start at the weld joint between a flat bar stiffener on a transverse web frame and the flange of a longitudinal stiffener on a bottom plate or inner bottom plate. An experiment is carried out to observe the fatigue crack propagation for two kinds of flat bars at the abovementioned connection. The experimental results, especially the surface crack growth on the flange (which dominates during the total fatigue life of the longitudinal stiffener), are compared with crack growth curves predicted using a few existing formulas. Based on the comparative study, a formula that shows the best agreement with the experiment results is selected. Weld toe magnification factors for the web stiffener are computed from the crack propagation rates measured in the experiment, and two equations for the magnification factors versus crack depth are developed for two types of web stiffeners. The selected existing formula and the proposed equations are applied to two connections at the inner bottom and side longitudinal bulkhead of an LNG carrier. The equivalent stress approach based on a long-term distribution is employed to avoid the complexity involved in dealing with the actual stress history. Using this prediction, the remaining service life until an oil or water leakage occurs at a tank boundary can be estimated when a fatigue crack at the connection is detected.     

GPS技术在铁路高程控制测量中的应用

介绍GPS高程拟合方法进行铁路高程控制测量的原理、作业方法及精度评定。结合某项目的生产实践，论证了该方法应用于铁路高程控制测量的可行性和优越性。     

Enhancement of diesel particulate matter collection in an electrostatic water-spraying scrubber

Marine diesel engines are major sources of air pollution. They emit a large amount of pollutants, including diesel particulate matter (DPM), carbon oxide (CO _x ), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxide (NO _x ), sulfur oxide (SO _x ), and other products of combustion. Among these, DPM may cause respiratory and mutagenic diseases in humans, including lung and bladder cancer (see Donaldson et al. J Aerosol Sci 29:553–560, 1998). In this study, experiments were performed with an electrostatic water-spraying scrubber (EWSS) to evaluate its effectiveness for the collection of mass- and number-based DPM emissions from a marine diesel engine. The results show that the collection efficiency of the scrubber increases as the engine load increases due to an increase in the large DPM concentration and an increase in the amount of DPM collected by the charged droplets. The effect of water spraying performance on DPM collection at constant engine load was investigated experimentally. The strength of the electrical attraction between the charged water droplets and the charged DPM within the scrubber led to a significant increase in total DPM collection efficiency (up to 4–7 times). In addition, the total DPM collection efficiency was found to be directly related to the corona power, the electrical properties of water, water spraying performance and engine load. The EWSS appears to be a promising alternative method for controlling mass-based as well as number-based DPM emissions.     

Evaluation of idle stability through in-situ torque measurement in automatic transmission vehicles

Idle stability directly affects a vehicle’s NVH (Noise, Vibration and Harshness) and is closely related to driver satisfaction. The present study proposes a method of measuring an engine’s idle roughness, which is useful in quantifying the idle stability. Engine brake torque was measured directly using a torque sensor, which can be installed without modification of the engine’s mounting structure. In addition, angular acceleration was measured at the same position as the torque measurement, to compare dynamic characteristics of the angular acceleration with the torque variation. Both torque and angular acceleration oscillate between positive and negative values. In this study, torque data were divided into several regions, and each region starts from the point where the torque data changes its sign from negative to positive. The root mean square values of both torque and angular acceleration were calculated for each region. This calculation showed a very good correlation between the torques and the angular accelerations. The idle stability was evaluated with the standard deviation of the measured torque, and the cycle-to-cycle variation is a more dominant factor in the idle stability than is the cylinder-to-cylinder variation. Because it is easier to measure the angular acceleration than to measure the torque, the variations of angular accelerations are usually compared between engines. However, the present study showed that the moment of inertia of an engine and the angular acceleration should be considered together when comparing the idle stability between engines.     

Drag reduction of a pickup truck by a rear downward flap

The drag reduction of a pickup truck by a rear flap add-on was examined through CFD simulations and wind tunnel experiments. When installed at the rear edge of the roof, the flap increased the cabin back surface pressure coefficient, causing the downwash of the bed flow to be inclined on the tailgate. Thus, the attachment of the bed flow to the tailgate was eliminated; consequently, the drag coefficient was reduced with increasing flap length and downward angle despite the enlarged reverse flow in the wake. However, the drag coefficient did not decrease any further after a specific downward angle was reached because the bed flow increased the drag force at the tailgate and the flap lowered the pressure field above the flap. To maximize the drag reduction effect, the rear downward flap should be designed to have an optimum downward angle.     

汽车底盘用水性漆过喷漆雾的回收利用

简述了国外涂装线水性涂料过喷漆雾回收再利用的几种方法。结合一汽集团公司底盘生产线的工艺及设备状况，自行设计安装了一套挡板式回收水性漆过喷漆雾装置，在生产线上得到了应用，详细介绍了挡板式回收装置的工作原理，操作规程，对回收前后喷漆的综合成本进行了比较分析，最后指出，用挡板式回收装置，提高了水性漆喷涂利用率，降低喷漆用量35％－48％，并且有利于环保，避免了由于采用造渣剂扔掉漆渣产生的二次污染。     

道路再生混凝土粗集料的路用性能研究

通过试验研究了由路面废弃水泥混凝土加工成的再生粗集料的物理特性(级配、吸水率、表观密度)和强度特性(强度指标、硬度指标及坚固性指标等),其性能满足路用要求,具有广阔的应用前景.     

独塔单面斜拉板桥结构与受力分析

探讨独塔单面斜拉板桥的结构特点,通过有限元软件ANSYS对该桥建立全桥三维空间有限元模型,分析这种桥型的受力特性,所得结论对同类工程具有参考价值。