焊前预处理对AlSi10MgMn真空压铸件与铝型材MIG焊接气孔的影响

AlSi10MgMn真空压铸铝合金在MIG焊接存在气孔,其连接方式的选择一定程度上受限,通过对Al?Si10MgMn真空压铸铝合金和型材件进行焊前预处理(氧化皮打磨、酒精清洗、预热处理)后进行MIG焊接,分析了该方案对于焊接气孔的改善效果,结果发现焊前预处理对AlSi10MgMn真空压铸铝合金和型材件MIG焊接气孔改善效果明显,焊缝接头剖面平均气孔率由1.14%降低为0.73%,同时发现焊缝接头剖面中心区域显微硬度值最高,接头强度为180 MPa,接头效率为75%,焊前预处理对显微硬度和接头强度基本无影响。     

基于名义应力法的疲劳卡片构建方法研究

基于有限元的疲劳寿命预测可应用于各行业,疲劳寿命预测精度的提高,离不开有效的材料疲劳卡片,疲劳卡片反映了载荷水平与疲劳寿命的关系。通过设计合理的材料试样的疲劳试验,结合试验与有限元计算,计算不同损伤参量创建应用于疲劳寿命分析的材料疲劳卡片,同时对疲劳卡片的仿真精度进行了验证。结果表明,基于名义应力法构建的疲劳卡片具备较高的预测精度,结合材料试验数据与仿真结果构建的多应力比S-N疲劳卡片,可用于其他适用于应力疲劳分析的零部件疲劳寿命分析,为提高零部件疲劳寿命预测精度提供新的技术途径,为零件的前期结构设计提供参考,可在不同领域进行推广并开展进一步分析研究。     

A trial application of FSA methodology to the hatchway watertight integrity of bulk carriers

Formal safety assessment (FSA) is a formal, structured and systematic methodology, aimed at enhancing maritime safety, including protection of life, property and marine environment, by using risk and cost–benefit assessments. For the application of this methodology to the rule-making process, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) presented the Interim Guidelines, which describe procedures of FSA and inputs/outputs of each procedure in detail. This paper basically deals with an application of FSA methodology according to the IMO's Interim Guidelines to the hatchway watertight integrity of bulk carriers, which was carried out as a cooperative research between Korean Register of Shipping and Seoul National University. As results of this application study, 18 hazards are identified and 32 risk control measures are devised to reduce the associated risks. Potential risks, costs and benefits when some Risk Control Options are introduced are evaluated in monetary unit of US $. Finally, some discussions and recommendations based on experiences are also given for both future work and better application of this FSA methodology to the rule-making process.     

“博远一号”运输船改装设计

军用登陆艇改装为民用运输船,其设计总体改装方案、改装工艺是成功的,值得总结介绍。     

“三差”略好转 环境待改善

整顿前后不一样 琼州海峡是我国滚装船运输起步最早、发展最快、船舶成交量最多的地区.滚装船出现于70年代末,在海南建省后得到长足发展.由于运量猛增,在短短的10几年内已发展到如今拥有客货滚装船50多艘的规模.这些船有初期从国外购进的二手船,也有90年代自行设计建造的简易船.其中多为开敞式滚装船,占整个运力结构的86%.琼州海峡是交通部在"四区一线"地区对"四客一危"船型进行整顿的重点地区.     

加强安全管理降低PSC滞留率

据今年1月到7月份统计来看,我国船舶被滞留的事件主要发生在亚洲的PSC(港口国检查),占被滞留船舶总数的77.3%,其中又以日本PSC滞留的船舶最多,占被滞留船舶总数的40.9%;其次是PARIS MOU,占总数的18.2%.     

神兵天降斗沧海——人民海军与交通部携手海上搜救纪实

9月26日上午,代号为"海救一号"的联合搜救演习在青岛附近黄海海面成功举行.由解放军海军北海舰队和交通部山东海事局担纲承办的海上搜救演习,是建国以来规模最大的一次.这是对我国海上联合搜救的应急反应能力、指挥协调能力、救援清污能力等的一次实战考验,是对中国海域内遇险船员和失事船只实施海空营救的新探索;标志着我国军地海上搜救迈出了新的一步,为完善海上军地联合搜救机制提供了依据.     

莫让江水难畅流——我国航道现状及发展透视

我国是一个水运资源丰富的国家,海域广阔,江河湖泊纵横.一般河流水量充沛,多数河流常年不冻.我国内河航道主要分布在长江水系、珠江水系、黑龙江水系、黄河水系、淮河水系、钱塘江水系及海河、闽江和东南沿海各个独自入海的水系.这些水系中的河流,上游发源于高山峡谷,下游流经平原沃野,构成我国内河航运中的主要航道.据统计,我国拥有大小江河5800多条,天然湖泊900多个.河流总长43万多公里,流域面积在1万平方公里的就有80多条,其中航道通航里程为11.65万公里.显然,我国具有得天独厚的发展水路运输的先决条件.那么我国航道的发展状况究竟如何呢?……     

图像处理技术在船舶推进器空泡试验中的应用研究

运用数字图像技术和AutoCAD2000图形软件,探索了处理螺旋桨桨叶上空泡图像的问题,利用桨叶空间曲面网格和桨叶空泡图像对比的方式给出了浆叶上空泡区域的边缘,同时还指出了使这一技术实用化需要作的工作。对于空泡体积这一问题,提出了结构光方式的测量模型,它比已报道的同类方法有较高的操作效率。     

Large-scale evacuation network optimization: a bi-level control method with uncertain arterial demand

To improve the efficiency of large-scale evacuations, a network aggregation method and a bi-level optimization control method are proposed in this paper. The network aggregation method indicates the uncertain evacuation demand on the arterial sub-network and balances accuracy and efficiency by refining local road sub-networks. The bi-level optimization control method is developed to reconfigure the aggregated network from both supply and demand sides with contraflow and conflict elimination. The main purpose of this control method is to make the arterial sub-network to be served without congestion and interruption. Then, a corresponding bi-objective network flow model is presented in a static manner for an oversaturated network, and a Genetic Algorithm-based solution method is used to solve the evacuation problem. The numerical results from optimizing a city-scale evacuation network for a super typhoon justify the validity and usefulness of the network aggregation and optimization control methods.