准备在荷兰营运的Sprinter电动车组

介绍了荷兰新型Sprinter电动车组的结构特点以及主要的技术参数。     

Incorporating time and income constraints in dynamic agent-based models of activity generation and time use: Approach and illustration

Existing theories and models in economics and transportation treat households’ decisions regarding allocation of time and income to activities as a resource-allocation optimization problem. This stands in contrast with the dynamic nature of day-by-day activity-travel choices. Therefore, in the present paper we propose a different approach to model activity generation and allocation decisions of individuals and households that acknowledges the dynamic nature of the behavior. A dynamic representation of time and money allocation decisions is necessary to properly understand the impact of new technologies on day to day variations in travel and activity patterns and on performance of transportation systems. We propose an agent-based model where agents, rather than acting on the basis of a resource allocation solution for a given time period, make resource allocation decisions on a day-by-day basis taking into account day-varying conditions and at the same time respecting available budgets over a longer time horizon. Agents that share a household interact and allocate household tasks and budgets among each other. We introduce the agent-based model and formally discuss the properties of the model. The approach is illustrated on the basis of simulation of behavior in time and space.     

TransNIEMO: economic impact analysis using a model of consistent inter-regional economic and network equilibria

We describe a model that integrates a multiregional input–output (I–O) model of the USA (for 50 States and the District of Columbia) with the national highway network. Inter-state commodity shipments are placed on a congestible highway network. Simulations of major choke-point disruptions redirect traffic which increases the costs of some shipments. Increased costs show up in higher prices which help to determine a new I–O equilibrium. We find economic and network equilibria that are consistent. The simulations show only moderate economic impacts. We ascribe this to the resilience of the highway network. The model provides State-level detail on who bears the costs of the disruptions.     

Modeling learning and adaptation processes in activity-travel choice A framework and numerical experiment

This paper develops a framework for modeling dynamic choice based on a theory of reinforcement learning and adaptation. According to this theory, individuals develop and continuously adapt choice rules while interacting with their environment. The proposed model framework specifies required components of learning systems including a reward function, incremental action value functions, and action selection methods. Furthermore, the system incorporates an incremental induction method that identifies relevant states based on reward distributions received in the past. The system assumes multi-stage decision making in potentially very large condition spaces and can deal with stochastic, non-stationary, and discontinuous reward functions. A hypothetical case is considered that combines route, destination, and mode choice for an activity under time-varying conditions of the activity schedule and road congestion probabilities. As it turns out, the system is quite robust for parameter settings and has good face validity. We therefore argue that it provides a useful and comprehensive framework for modeling learning and adaptation in the area of activity-travel choice.     

Changing the timing of activities in resolving Scheduling Conflicts

Following the growing interest in the characterisation and modelling of activity scheduling and re-scheduling behaviour, this paper reports the results of a study on the resolution of activity scheduling conflicts. Using empirical data collected through an Internet survey, the modification of the timing of pre-planned activities to accommodate a new activity in the schedule was analysed. Schedule adjustment was studied using a parametric hazard model. The results indicate that the characteristics of the activities involved are the most important factors influencing the process of schedule change. Several correlations among schedule modifications were found. Harry Timmermans is a Professor at the Eindhoven University of Technology. He is also Director of the Urban Planning Group and the European Institute of Retailing and Services Studies. Tomás Ruiz is a Lecture and researcher at the Technical University of Valencia (Spain). Prior to his employment with the University, Dr. Ruiz was a consultant at Estudios, Proyectos y Planificación S.A.     

Integrating mobile agent technology with multi-agent systems for distributed traffic detection and management systems

Agent technology is rapidly emerging as a powerful computing paradigm to cope with the complexity in dynamic distributed systems, such as traffic control and management systems. However, while a number of agent-based traffic control and management systems have been proposed and the multi-agent systems have been studied, to the best of our knowledge, the mobile agent technology has not been applied to this field. In this paper, we propose to integrate mobile agent technology with multi-agent systems to enhance the ability of the traffic management systems to deal with the uncertainty in a dynamic environment. In particular, we have developed an IEEE FIPA compliant mobile agent system called Mobile-C and designed an agent-based real-time traffic detection and management system (ABRTTDMS). The system based on Mobile-C takes advantages of both stationary agents and mobile agents. The use of mobile agents allows ABRTTDMS dynamically deploying new control algorithms and operations to respond unforeseen events and conditions. Mobility also reduces incident response time and data transmission over the network. The simulation of using mobile agents for dynamic algorithm and operation deployment demonstrates that mobile agent approach offers great flexibility in managing dynamics in complex systems.     

Incorporating planned activities and events in a dynamic multi-day activity agenda generator

Daily agenda formation is influenced by formal commitments, satisfaction of needs surpassing some threshold and the desire to conduct particular activities in anticipation of socially and religiously driven events such as birthdays, Christmas, etc. As part of a research program to develop a dynamic activity-based model of transport demand, this paper proposes a model to represent dynamic agenda formation, including these different underlying processes. Bayesian estimation of the model is based on data collected through a Web-based survey for a sample of approximately 300 respondents. The survey uses an extension of a 1-day activity diary where respondents are asked to recall activities in retrospect and to identify planned activities in prospect. Estimation results suggest that planned activities influence agenda formation in general, but that their significance and size depends on activity type, socio-demographics and dwelling characteristics.     

Involvement in clubs or voluntary associations, social networks and activity generation: a path analysis

Leisure activities have received increasing attention from travel behavior researchers over the past decade. However, these activities are often treated as a single category, neglecting their differences. Whereas most leisure activities are flexible, club activities are usually scheduled longer in advance and are more fixed in time, location and company. Hence, trip-generating properties of club activities are likely to differ from those of other leisure activities. As very little is known about involvement in clubs or voluntary associations in relation to trip generation, voluntary association activities deserve further research in relation to travel. Therefore, in this paper a path analysis is conducted, analyzing the relationships between participation in clubs or voluntary associations, trip frequencies, and social network characteristics. The analyses are based on data collected in 2011 in Eindhoven in the Netherlands in a survey among 516 respondents. The results show interesting relationships between the social context and involvement in clubs. They indicate that people become club members through their social networks, and frequent club activities increase social network size. Family oriented people were found to go less often to clubs. Club membership and the frequency of going to club activities were also found to be affected by socio-demographics, such as gender, age, education, work, presence of young children in the household and owning a season ticket for public transport.     

荷兰铁路铰接式Sprinter电动车组

介绍了荷兰铰接式Sprinter电动车组的结构特点及技术参数,并与T型、V型和SM90型电动车组进行了比较.