Investigations of vehicle securing without lashings for Ro-Ro ships

To reduce the area on deck occupied by each car and the labour and time required for lashing and unlashing cars, it has been proposed by the author that in some conditions, cars on decks could be transported without lashing. To evaluate cargo securing based on this “lashing-free” concept, computational code was developed to calculate the vehicle–deck interactions for various ship motions. The code was structured by incorporating a vehicle model into a piece of ship motion calculation code. A series of time-domain simulations were conducted to evaluate vehicle securing. It was found that for a target ship consisting of a 6000-unit Ro-Ro vessel, vehicle securing is mainly influenced by the ship's rolling motions and is highly dependent on the wave height and loading conditions. It was suggested from the analysis that vehicles could be secured without being lashed in a large area of the ship in specific weather conditions and on some routes with less adverse sea states. However, it is still suggested that conventional lashing holes should be constructed on the deck because in severe sea states the cars will still need to be lashed. The limitations of the current investigations are also presented. The relevant research work was carried out at the Division of Ship Design and Engineering, Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology.     

深层搅拌桩加固无砟轨道软土路基施工技术

深层搅拌桩是用于加固饱和黏性土地基的一种新方法，具有无振动、无噪声、无环境污染和加固费用低等优点。结合我国首条遂渝线无砟轨道综合试验段软基处理工程，介绍深层搅拌桩加固软基的技术原理、设计、施工设备、施工工艺、质量控制、检测及工程应用。     

大型船舶航迹多变量随机最优控制

基于随机控制理论，研究了大型船舶航迹的随机最优控制。以Mariner号船舶为研究对象，建立了该船的运动方程和干扰模型，在此基础上，利用卡尔曼滤波器对航向角Ψ、舵角δ、船位信息(经纬度)等进行最优估计，采用LQG随机控制方法对航迹进行随机最优控制。仿真结果表明航迹控制性能良好，能精确保持航迹。     

施工企业如何进行工程项目评估

工程项目是施工企业经济效益的源头，搞好工程项目的成本管理，是施工企业提高经济效益的基础，做好工程项目评估是搞好工程项目管理的前提。笔根据实践经验，阐述了工程项目评估的原则、依据及方法，对施工企业工程项目部的管理提供了指导性意见。     

安全指数法在成山头水域安全评价中的应用

介绍了安全指数法的原理,采用船舶运行安全指数法而建立的船舶交通安全指数法数学模型,以及运用该模型对成山头水域的船舶交通安全进行评价的具体步骤。指出“安全指数法”为成山头水域进一步加强交通管理提供了可靠了依据。     

The place of the ISPS Code in the legal international regime

The adoption of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code) is the latest response of the international shipping community to the increasing threat posed by acts of terrorism at sea. The ACHILLE LAURO incident of 1985 showed that the traditional law against piracy was not adequate to deal with new types of unlawful acts against international shipping, especially those involving acts of terrorism. The 1988 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (SUA Convention) and the technical and administrative measures adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee of IMO in 1986 and 1996 attempted to develop a broader regime to deal with unlawful acts against international shipping.However, the events of September 11, 2001 showed that additional measures were still needed to prevent terrorist attacks against ships.     

From privilege to peril

This article addresses the growing concern over the diminishing legal rights and increasing responsibilities of those in command of ships today. A number of high-profile maritime accidents have focussed on the dilemma faced by shipmasters who appear to be held responsible for actions over which they have little or no control. This seems to indicate that the traditional privilege and honour associated with command appears to have become a risky burden. The article discusses the legal rights and responsibilities that shipmasters have today in terms of international maritime law and policy. Four case studies are utilized to illustrate the problem.     

关于海上交通事故调查处理中"判明责任"的思考

作为海上交通安全的主管机关,海事机构具有对海上交通事故进行调查处理的职权。《中华人民共和国海上交通安全法(》以下简称《海安法》)第43条明确规定:“船舶、设施发生的交通事故,由主管机关查明原因,判明责任”;与《海安法》配套实施的国务院行政法规《中华人民共和国海上交     

基于改进灰色模型的电力系统负荷预测

传统的灰色预测模型因其所需历史数据少、计算快、对平稳地区的负荷预测有较高精度等优点,曾被广泛应用。但传统的灰色预测模型对于历史数据要求较高,最好为指数形式,并且在数据波动较大的情况下,其预测误差可能变得较大,不符合实际需要。为了减小预测误差,本文在传统灰色模型的基础上,首先对部分历史数据进行平滑处理,以确保其光滑性,同时对历史数据进行等维处理,不断的剔除旧数据,增加新数据,最后进行灰色循环残差修正,在原始数据和预测模型两个方面进行了修正,提高了电力负荷预测精度。     

PA6-280柴油机的变工况多目标配气正时优化计算

建立了柴油机废气涡轮前的燃气能量和燃油消耗率的综合评价函数，采用多目标优化的方法，对PA6-280柴油机的进排气正时进行了优化计算，分析了配气正时的调控对柴油机性能的影响。