原发性小血管炎患者多系统临床表现和肾脏病理分析

目的分析原发性小血管炎患者多系统的临床表现和肾脏病理特点。方法选取我院1996年1月至2007年8月间明确诊断的原发性小血管炎患者共78例,患者均有肾脏损害,并行肾活检,总结分析患者的临床病理资料。结果78例中15例胞浆型抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(cANCA)阳性,均识别蛋白酶3(PR3);62例环核型抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(PANCA)阳性,均识别髓过氧化物酶(MPO)。临床表现呈多器官受累:不规则发热;浮肿、血尿、蛋白尿、肾功能减退;咳嗽、咯血、胸痛、肺部浸润;鼻塞伴有脓性分泌物;关节肿痛等。肾活检可见小血管壁节段性纤维素样坏死,新月体多见。免疫荧光无免疫球蛋白或微量免疫球蛋白及补体C3沉积。治疗采用糖皮质激素联用细胞毒药物或吗替麦考酚酯,部分患者同时给予透析治疗,治疗有效率达85.9%。结论原发性小血管炎并不少见,且以显微镜下型多血管炎居多;患者以中老年为主;ANCA检测有助于早期诊断及复发判断;及时治疗可逆转。     

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Three Dimensional Flexible Multibody Systems

The nonlinear dynamic problems of three dimensional flexible multibody systems are investigated. The elastic deformation fields of flexible space beams are decomposed into axial deformation and bending deformation, and described by each exact vibration modes in the body coordinate systems. The constrainted nonlinear dynamic equations are derived by using Lagrange multiplier method. A numerical procedure for solving the resulting differential algebraic equations is presented based on Newmark direct integration method combined with the modified Newton-Raphson iterative method. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Explaining obesity with urban form: a cautionary tale

In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in studies exploring associations between the built environment and obesity. Many studies have found that built environment characteristics, such as high-density land developments, mixed-land uses, and connected street networks, are associated with lower rates of obesity. However, depending on the research field and the researcher, how one specifies the experimental model and how sociodemographic characteristics of the population are defined and included in the model has led to different policy conclusions and implications. This is not a surprising observation; however, it is one that does seem to have been lost in current discussions. This article highlights several data-processing, model-specification, and model-estimation factors that should be comprehensively considered in studies of the built environment and obesity. Empirical results based on data from Atlanta, GA, USA, illustrate that the association between the built environment and obesity is sensitive to how age, income, and educational attainment are included in the model. Also, a detailed examination of land-use-mix measures shows that it is difficult to create this measure and that results are sensitive to the treatment of missing values. Models that distinguish between overweight and obese individuals are shown to provide richer insights into the associations among obesity, built environment, and sociodemographic characteristics for the Atlanta area. The article concludes by offering modeling recommendations for future studies.

Design and Combustion Characteristic Analysis of Free Piston Stirling Engine External Combustion System

The free piston Stirling engine external combustion system was simulated to investigate the diesel-air combustion characteristics in order to demonstrate its feasibility by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The different effects on combustion were distinguished by analyzing the combustion burner, the injection position of diesel oil, the front tube arrangement of Stirling heater head and the back fin. The results show that the tilted front tube arrangement of the heater head with the back fin is the best practicable technology while the distance between the diesel nozzle position and the swirler top is 0. Its total heat flux is 15.6 kW, and the average heat transfer coefficients of the front and back tubes are 127W/(m² · K) and 192W/(m² · K), respectively. The heat transfer is mainly through convection, and the proportion of radiative heat transfer is only 16.9%. The best combustion efficiency of the free piston Stirling engine external combustion system is 86%.     

板边离缝对CRTS III型轨道-路基动力特性的影响

为了研究板边离缝对高速铁路基础结构动力特性的影响,利用CRTS III型板式轨道-路基全尺寸试验模型开展了落轴试验,实测了轨道板与自密实充填层一侧界面处离缝的几何分布,并利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件建立了相应的动力有限元分析模型,分析了板边离缝对轨道和路基结构冲击动力特性的影响规律,并利用相应的试验结果对数值结果进行了对比验证. 研究结果表明:轨道板和自密实层界面处单侧离缝的平均宽度和平均高度分别为28.18 cm和2.15 mm;板边离缝宽度对基础结构动力特性的影响要大于离缝高度;在0～800 mm的范围内,随着离缝宽度的增加,轨道和路基位移以及钢轨加速度、轨道板加速度和基床底层加速度都持续增加,其中轨道板的位移和加速度的增幅均为最大,分别为56.8%和143.3%,充填层、支承层和基床表层的垂向加速度随离缝宽度的增加先增大后减小,当离缝尖端扩展至钢轨正下方附近时达到最大值;在0～3 mm的范围内,轨道和路基垂向位移与加速度均随离缝高度的增大而略微增加,最大增幅分别为8%和12%;越靠近离缝界面层面,离缝高度对其冲击动力特性的影响也越显著.      

高速道岔尖轨点云的复合拼接及数据处理优化

为实现高速铁路尖轨磨耗的高效检测,结合高速尖轨的检测需求及其几何特征,提出了基于距离编码器的复合拼接方法.该方法将距离信息融合到点云拼接中,提高了检测系统的自动化程度.在计算点特征直方图（point feature histograms,PFH）的过程中,引入OpenCL（open computing language）异构加速模型调整点云的数据结构,发挥GPU的并行处理优势获得了更快的数据处理速度.利用实际尖轨开展磨耗检测实验,证明了针对高速尖轨的结构光检测系统有效可行.经过点云拼接和点云扫描数据处理的优化,系统的整体检测效率获得了70%左右的提升.      

梯形动铁式交流焊机优化设计研究

对梯形动铁式交流焊机的优化目标进行了探讨,在此基础上建立了动铁式交流焊机优化设计的数学模型,编制了计算机优化设计软件,利用该软件对焊机进行了优化设计,结果表明:利用该软件所设计的交流焊机具有较低的制造成本和较高的综合性能     

EDFS40对深低温保存兔颈总动脉结构和舒缩功能的影响

目的 评价玻璃化溶液EDFS40对深低温保存兔颈总动脉形态结构和舒缩功能的影响.方法 无菌条件下取兔颈总动脉,分别以EDFS40和1.5 mol/L二甲亚砜为低温保护剂,经玻璃化法和慢速冷冻法深低温保存14 d.复温后和新鲜动脉进行大体和显微形态的观察,器官浴槽内进行非内皮依赖性舒缩功能的测定.结果 EDFS40组动脉的大体、组织学及超微结构与新鲜动脉相似,对氯化钾的收缩力和慢速冷冻组动脉无明显差别(P>0.05),对去甲肾上腺素和硝普钠的收缩或舒张张力优于后者(P<0.05),但均低于新鲜动脉(P<0.05).结论 EDFS40能较好保持兔颈总动脉的形态结构及功能,可用于血管的玻璃化保存.     

大鼠肝脏干细胞的胰十二指肠同源盒基因表达系的构建与初步鉴定

目的 建立大鼠肝脏干细胞的Pdx-1基因表达系.方法 逆行穿刺SD大鼠乳鼠肝脏门静脉,经胶原酶Ⅳ消化并分离肝脏干细胞;免疫组织化学鉴定大鼠肝脏干细胞标志物细胞角蛋白18/19、甲胎蛋白的表达;构建pEGFP-Pdx-1表达载体并酶切鉴定,用脂质体2000介导表达载体转染大鼠肝脏干细胞后,荧光显微镜观察GFP表达,免疫组织化学鉴定Pdx-1的表达.结果 肝脏门静脉逆行穿刺分离培养大鼠肝脏干细胞具有分裂增殖能力、角蛋白18/19、甲胎蛋白表达阳性;pEGFP-Pdx-1表达载体转染后的肝脏干细胞可表达绿色荧光蛋白报告基因和Pdx-1蛋白.结论 成功建立了大鼠肝脏干细胞Pdx-1表达系.     

半月神经节射频热凝温控术治疗原发性三叉神经痛

目的 观察和分析射频热凝术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的临床疗效及并发症.方法 在DSA或C型臂引导下,采用Hartel前入路法,穿刺三叉神经半月节后以温控射频热凝对靶点毁损,温度控制在76～80 ℃,持续时间1～2 min,共3～4次.结果 本组56例中,53例术后疼痛完全消失,为Ⅰ级,视为临床治愈,治愈率为94.6%;1例达Ⅱ级明显缓解;1例达Ⅲ级;1例为Ⅳ级无效.治疗优良率为96.4%,总有效率为98.2%.无严重并发症.结论 射频热凝术是治疗原发性三叉神经痛安全可靠及有效的一种微创治疗技术.