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921.
In this paper the effects on the economic output, income and employment relating to Shetland are considered using an input—output model. The results are presented on the basis of an individual industry and appropriate multipliers are derived. 相似文献
922.
Wave run-up on multi-column compliant and rigid platforms both on the weather-side and beneath the platform deck is a complex wave–structure interaction problem. Predictions based upon higher order hydrodynamic design codes have been improved our understanding of this phenomena but have not appreciably reduced the reliance on model tests and statistical analyses. In this study a three parameter distribution model is developed based upon the inclusion of linear, second-order, and mean contributions to the wave run-up utilizing the method of L-moments. Explicit expressions are derived relating the L-moments and the input from experimental data. The sample L-moments are developed from a linear combination of ordered sequence of the data and consequently the high order L-moments, i.e. L-skewness and L-kurtosis, are less biased than the corresponding ordinary moments. The L-moment definitions of the variance, skewness and kurtosis are numerically compared with values obtained using the more standard definitions for these parameters. Rigid hull measurements are compared with the compliant hull configuration for a mini-TLP model. The sea-states investigated include the relatively benign sea conditions off of West Africa and the more extreme sea environments of Gulf of Mexico. 相似文献
923.
Seven adjustments of convergent-type Vortex Tube (VT) with different throttle angles were applied. The adjustments were made to analyze the influences of such angles on cold and hot temperature drops as well as flow structures inside the VTs. An experimental setup was designed, and tests were performed on different convergent VT configurations at injection pressures ranging from 0.45 to 0.65 MPa. The angles of the throttle valve were arranged between 30° to 90°, and the numbers of injection nozzles ranged between 2 and 6. Laboratory results indicated that the maximum hot and cold temperature drops ranged from 23.24 to 35 K and from 22.87 to 32.88 K, respectively, at four injection nozzles. Results also showed that temperature drop is a function of hot throttle valve angle with the maximum hot and cold temperature drops depending on the angle applied. We used graphs to demonstrate the changes in the cold and hot temperature drops with respect to hot throttle angle values. These values were interpreted and evaluated to determine the optimum angle, which was 60°. The CFD outputs agreed very well with the laboratory results. The proposed CFD results can help future researchers gain good insights into the complicated separation process taking place inside the VTs. 相似文献
924.
Small sample size problem is one of the main problems that heavy numerical control (NC) machine tools encounter in their reliability assessment. In order to deal with the small sample size problem, many indirect reliability data such as reliability data of similar products, expert opinion, and engineers’ experience are used in reliability assessment. However, the existing mathematical theories cannot simultaneously process the above reliability data of multiple types, and thus imprecise probability theory is introduced. Imprecise probability theory can simultaneously process multiple reliability data by quantifying multiple uncertainties (stochastic uncertainty, fuzzy uncertainty, epistemic uncertainty, etc.) together. Although imprecise probability theory has so many advantages, the existing natural extension models are complex and the computation result is imprecise. Therefore, they need some improvement for the better application of reliability engineering. This paper proposes an improved imprecise reliability assessment method by introducing empirical probability distributions to natural extension model, and the improved natural extension model is applied to the reliability assessment of heavy NC machine tool spindle to illustrate its effectiveness. 相似文献
925.
This article presents a method named pseudo-inverse to solve the optimal thrust allocation of dynamic positioning (DP) system,
proposes to optimally determine the azimuth angle of thrusters instead of man-control or semi-auto control, and combines with
the pseudo-inverse methods to get the optimal solutions for dynamic positioning control system. It is able to greatly reduce
the risk of manual mode. Three different kinds of modes are proposed and detailedly illuminated, and can be used to solve
much more complex nonlinear constraint problems, such as typical forbidden vector boundary. Several illustrative examples
are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed thrust allocation modes. 相似文献
926.
Omer Kemal Kinaci 《船舶与海洋工程学报》2016,15(2):136-143
Aircraft flying close to the ground benefit from enhanced efficiency owing to decreased induced drag and increased lift. In this study, a mathematical model is developed to simulate the takeoff of a wing near the ground using an Iterative Boundary Element Method (IBEM) and the finite difference scheme. Two stand-alone sub-codes and a mother code, which enables communication between the sub-codes, are developed to solve for the self-excitation of the Wing-In-Ground (WIG) effect. The aerodynamic force exerted on the wing is calculated by the first sub-code using the IBEM, and the vertical displacement of the wing is calculated by the second sub-code using the finite difference scheme. The mother code commands the two sub-codes and can solve for the aerodynamics of the wing and operating height within seconds. The developed code system is used to solve for the force, velocity, and displacement of an NACA6409 wing at a 4° Angle of Attack (AoA) which has various numerical and experimental studies in the literature. The effects of thickness and AoA are then investigated and conclusions were drawn with respect to generated results. The proposed model provides a practical method for understanding the flight dynamics and it is specifically beneficial at the pre-design stages of a WIG effect craft. 相似文献
927.
The properties and electronic structure of Fe under pressures of 0–30GPa have been studied by first principles employing the
density functional theory (DFT), the ultra-soft pseudo-potentials (USPP) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA).
The calculating results show that there is a structural transition from magnetic body-centered cubic (bcc) to nonmagnetic
hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) structure for Fe around 11GPa pressure. There is a pseudogap both in the density of states (DOS)
for bcc and hcp Fe. The pseudogap of bcc Fe is deeper and wider than that of hcp Fe. The elastic modulus is obtained by Voigt-Reuss-Hill
averaging scheme. The results indicate that the elastic properties of bcc Fe enhance with pressure except for elastic stiffness
constant C
11, shear modulus G and elastic modulus E at the transition pressure, while the elastic properties of hcp Fe increase linearly with pressure. Magnetic bcc Fe is ductile,
and hcp Fe becomes ductile from brittle around 25GPa. 相似文献
928.
Peter Muirhead 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2011,10(2):241-242
929.
杨明豪 《上海交通大学学报(英文版)》2011,16(5):586-592
This paper aims at analyzing the security issues that lie in the application layer (AL) protocols when users connect to the
Internet via a wireless local area network (WLAN) through an access point. When adversaries launch deauthentication flood
attacks cutting users’ connection, the connection managers will automatically research the last access point’s extended service
set identifier (ESSID) and then re-establish connection. However, such re-connection can lead the users to a fake access point
with the same ESSID set by attackers. As the attackers hide behind users’ access points, they can pass AL’s authentication
and security schemes, e.g. secure socket layer (SSL). We have proved that they can even spy on users’ account details, passwords,
data and privacy. 相似文献
930.
Yuan Chen Rongmin Zhang Xingyu Zhao Jun Gao 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2016,21(4):624-650
Computed-torque controller plus fuzzy inverse desired trajectory compensation technique based on robust adaptive fuzzy observer is proposed to control underwater vehicle subject to uncertainties. A fuzzy inverse desired trajectory compensator is developed as a nonlinear filter at input trajectory level outside the control loop to address the issue of unavailable normalizing factor. A robust adaptive state observer with loose constraint on the position of the uncertainty function is proposed to evaluate the unavailable states. Numerical simulation results of regulation performance demonstrate that the observer solves the problem of strict constraint conditions on position uncertainties. Comparisons of tracking performance between the proposed control method and computed-torque controller are performed. The results confirm that compensation at the input trajectory offers better position tracking performance and easier practical implementation than other fuzzy compensation techniques at joint torque level. The proposed control approach is simulated and its efficiency is validated through the simulation of an underwater vehicle. 相似文献