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101.
Edmondo Di Pasquale Daniel Coutellier 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2017,18(4):631-642
Head on bonnet impact is becoming more and more important in automotive design as regulations on pedestrian safety become more demanding. Despite the relatively low amount of energy involved, these impacts are truly dynamic phenomena as the event duration is comparable with the traveling time of the different wavefronts generated by the impact. In this paper, we show that we can build up a simplified model for the impact based on wave propagation analysis. Using this model, we can analyze head acceleration on existing bonnets or predict it on new ones. Head acceleration in a bonnet impact can thus be estimated over the whole area of the bonnet with a few minutes of CPU. 相似文献
102.
Ship, port and supply chain security concepts interlinking maritime with hinterland transport chains
Eberhard Blümel Wando Boevé Valerio Recagno Gerhard Schilk 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2008,7(1):205-225
As maritime processes do no stop at sea ports, hinterland operations have to be considered and addressed as well. This becomes
obviously on designing and managing seamless cargo and information flows from/to hinterland regions via sea ports from/to
transcontinental markets. Nowadays, also security-related aspects need to be tackled in order to enable continuous flows corresponding
to security legislations and technical requirements set up in the field of maritime and intermodal hinterland transport. Ensuring
transport security within the European transport market requires both adequate security legislations and innovative concepts.
While for the maritime sector, including sea ports, security regulations are already in force, hinterland operations (road,
rail and Inland Waterway Transport) are only indirectly affected today, either on carrying out transports from/to sea ports
or exporting commodities to overseas territories. This results in the need for innovative security strategies and concepts
combining maritime with hinterland transport enabling seamless security processes. 相似文献
103.
In the connected vehicles, connecting interfaces bring threats to the vehicles and they can be hacked to impact the vehicles and drivers. Compared with traditional vehicles, connected vehicles require more information transfer. Sensor signals and critical data must be protected to ensure the cyber security of connected vehicles. The communications among ECUs, sensors, and gateways are connected by in-vehicle networks. This paper discussed the state-of-art techniques about secure communication for in-vehicle networks. First, the related concepts in automotive secure communication have been provided. Then we have compared and contrasted existing approaches for secure communication. We have analyzed the advantages/disadvantages of MAC and digital signatures for message authentication and compared the performance and limitations of different cryptographic algorithms. Firewall and intrusion detection system are introduced to protect the networks. The constraints and features of different intrusion detection approaches are presented. After that, the technical requirements for cryptographic mechanism and intrusion detection policy are concluded. Based on the review of current researches, the future development directions of the automotive network security have been discussed. The purpose of this paper is to review current techniques on automotive secure communication and suggest suitable secure approaches to implement on the in-vehicle networks. 相似文献
104.
C. Vanesa Durán Grados Zigor Uriondo Manuel Clemente Francisco J. Jiménez Espadafor Juan Moreno Gutiérrez 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2009,14(1):61-66
Emissions from the exhausts of marine diesel engines comprises several different gases including NOX. These are currently regulated at the international level under Regulation 13 of ANNEX VI of MARPOL 73/78, but this regulation only applies to new engines and is based on bench tests, for only a single engine designated the “parent engine”. Here, the need to take measurements from across their whole range and once in operation on board a vessel is examined. This would not only improve assessment of new equipment against the current regulation, but would also detect defects in the functioning of the engine. 相似文献
105.
Rodrigo Leão De Moura Carolina Viviana Minte-Vera Isabela Baleeiro Curado Ronaldo Bastos Francini-Filho Hélio De Castro Lima Rodrigues Guilherme Fraga Dutra 《Coastal management》2013,41(6):617-632
In Brazil, Marine Extractive Reserves—MERs (Reservas Extrativistas Marinhas) represent the most significant government-supported effort to protect the common property resources upon which traditional small-scale fishers depend. From an initial small-scale experience in 1992, MERs have expanded countrywide, now encompassing 30 units (9,700 km2) and nearly 60,000 fishers. Despite such escalating interest in the model, there is little research on the effectiveness of MERs. In this article, we discuss relevant parts of the history and examine the current situation of the fisheries co-management initiative in the Marine Extractive Reserve of Corumbau, which was created in 2000 as the first MER to encompass coral reefs and reef fisheries. We describe the Extractive Reserve co-management arrangement and its main policy and legislative challenges. Finally, we discuss the prospects for the use of MERs as management frameworks for traditional small-scale fisheries in Brazil. 相似文献
106.
It has always been a daunting task for any government to allocate the budgets for public infrastructure effectively so as
to maximize the benefits of the limited resources. The most important contribution this paper makes is to conduct an empirical
study of the budget allocations of the six region-based road system construction plans in northern Taiwan using the transportation
budget allocation model devised in this paper. After reviewing the results, the experts consulted while preparing this paper
believe that these results are both objective and able to meet the actual requirements. The competent authority also believes
that they are better than those obtained using their original approach. In particular, the construction of this model takes
into consideration the highest-level supervisors. To a certain degree, it caters for the practices in budget allocation so
that the managers are able to assume the authority corresponding to their responsibility concerning management efficiency
and final outcomes. 相似文献
107.
Jungyong Wang Ayhan Akinturk Neil Bose Stephen J. Jones Yun Young Song Ho Hwan Chun Moon Chan Kim 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2008,13(3):244-255
The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of a model azimuthing podded propulsor in ice-covered water.
Model tests were carried out with two different depths of cut into the ice (15 and 35 mm), two different ice conditions (presawn
and pack ice conditions), and four different azimuthing angles. The depth of cut is the maximum penetration depth of the propeller
blade into the ice block. The 0.3-m-diameter model propeller was operated in a continuous ice milling condition. Ice loads
were measured by several sensors which were installed in various positions on the model. Six one-axis pancake-style load cells
on the top of the model measured the global loads and two six-component dynamometers were installed on the shaft to measure
the shaft loads. One six-component dynamometer was attached to the one of the propeller blades inside the hub to measure the
blade loads. The pod unit and propeller performance in ice are presented. Ice-related loads, which were obtained when the
blade was inside the ice block, are introduced and discussed. During the propeller–ice interaction, a blade can experience
the path generated by the previous blade, which is called the shadowing effect. The effects of shadowing, depth of cut, azimuthing
angle, and advance coefficient on propulsor performance are presented and discussed. 相似文献
108.
Khanh Toan Dam Katsutoshi Tanimoto Eldina Fatimah 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2008,13(3):223-230
This paper presents a discussion of the characteristics of ship waves in a narrow channel restricted by vertical walls, based
on observed data and the results computed by a 2-D model. In the numerical model, the propagation of waves generated by a
moving ship is simulated by solving 2-D depth-integrated Boussinesq equations. To get the boundary conditions at the location
of the ship, the slender-ship approximation is employed. A field observation was carried out at a straight length of navigation
channel. The ships targeted in the observations are two kinds of waterbuses with lengths of 28 and 24 m. The relative depth
Froude number for the river current, an appropriate parameter for assessing the influence of the current on ship wave characteristics
in a navigation channel, ranged from 0.47 to 0.76. The observed maximum wave height varied between 0.13 and 1.26 m. The maximum
wave height of the wave train is sharply increased when the relative depth Froude number exceeds 0.6. The results computed
by the present model agree fairly well with the observed data. 相似文献
109.
Trip generation of vulnerable populations in three Canadian cities: a spatial ordered probit approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Matthew J. Roorda Antonio Páez Catherine Morency Ruben Mercado Steven Farber 《Transportation》2010,37(3):525-548
This paper provides an analysis of trip generation of three vulnerable groups: single-parent families, low income households,
and the elderly. It compares the mobility of these groups to that of the general population in three Canadian urban areas
of Hamilton, Montreal and Toronto, based on data from large-sample metropolitan transport surveys. An ordered probit model
with spatially expanded coefficients is used for the analysis. Spatial expansion shows that there are spatial mobility trends
for elderly populations and low-income populations even after socio-economic attributes are accounted for. Such spatial differences
are not generally found for single parent families. This novel spatial analysis provides clues as to where vulnerable populations
may experience greater degrees of social exclusion. It provides information to help prioritize transportation infrastructure
projects or other social programs to take into account the needs of vulnerable populations with the lowest levels of mobility. 相似文献
110.
基于SPH方法的波浪对水平板冲击的数值模拟(英文) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A numerical model was established for simulating wave impact on a horizontal deck by an improved incompressible smoothed particle
hydrodynamics (ISPH). As a grid-less particle method, the ISPH method has been widely used in the free-surface hydrodynamic
flows with good accuracy. The improvement includes the employment of a corrective function for enhancement of angular momentum
conservation in a particle-based calculation and a new estimation method to predict the pressure on the horizontal deck. The
simulation results show a good agreement with the experiment. The present numerical model can be used to study wave impact
load on the horizontal deck. 相似文献