枢纽下游近坝段不同类型河段的再造床过程及其对航道条件的影响

枢纽蓄水运用改变了坝下河段的水沙条件,其中径流过程的变化,改变了不同流量级水流的水动力条件和造床能力,输沙量的改变.是引发坝下游河床调整的关键.根据三峡和丹江口下游近坝河段实测资料,分析了相对窄深.低水分汊、两岸约束很强,以及低水分汊、两岸约束很弱等3种类型河段在蓄水以后冲淤调整特点,在此基础上分析了其冲淤变化对航道条件的影响.结果表明:当河段相对窄深时,河段冲刷主要为下切;当河段为相对宽浅的低水分汊河段且河岸约束较强时,蓄水以后的冲淤变化主要体现为江心洲潍的冲淤调整、汊道深泓高程差的冲淤调整,并引起主支汊分流比的调整:当河段为较为宽浅的低水分汊河段且河岸约束相对较弱时,则冲刷调整不仅限于分流比的调整,甚至会导致大的分汊格局的调整.无论如何调整,都有可能引起新的航道问题.     

Statistical comparison of trace metal concentrations in wild mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in selected sites of Galicia and Gulf of Biscay (Spain)

Concentrations of five trace metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu and Zn) in wild mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Galician and Gulf of Biscay areas in Spain were monitored from 2000 to 2004. A pool of mussel soft tissue was prepared using 50 or more individuals representing the available size range (35–60 mm) present at the sampling points (A Coruña, Pontevedra and Vigo–Galicia, NW of Spain—and Avilés, Bilbao and Santander–Gulf of Biscay). Metals were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry, AAS, (flame–AAS: Cu and Zn; graphite furnace–AAS: Cd and Pb; flow injection-cold vapour–AAS: total Hg). Quality of the chemical analyses was assessed by participation in periodic QUASIMEME intercalibration exercises carried out from 2000 to 2004, while the present study was developed . Univariate statistical studies, Anova (Analysis of the Variance) and Principal Component Analysis (autoscaled data, Varimax rotation) were carried out. Differences between the two areas as well as certain temporal trends were found and, in general, the Gulf of Biscay samples showed higher metallic contents, mainly close to Avilés, where iron and steel factories thrown residues for years into a nearby coastal area.     

Safety modeling for two‐way left‐turn lanes and a procedure to identify two‐way left‐turn lane segments with safety concerns

In the past, two‐way left‐turn lane (TWLTL) median treatments have been frequently used in Florida to inexpensively improve traffic and safety performances. In order to identify factors that may have significant impacts on safety operations in TWLTL sections and to identify TWLTL locations that present existing and future safety concerns, a research project was carried out and results are summarized in the paper. In the research, a three‐year crash history database with crashes and section characteristics from a total of 1688 TWLTL sections all over Florida was developed and used. A negative binomial regression model was developed to determine the statistical relationship between the number of crashes per mile per year and several variables such as traffic volume, access density, posted speed, and number of lanes. In regard to the methodology, in order to identify locations with safety concerns, several steps are needed: development of real crash data distribution, determination of statistical distribution models that better represent the actual crash data, determination of percentile values for the average number of crashes, estimation of crash rates for sections with the same characteristics, estimation of critical values for the variables corresponding to the percentile values for average number of crashes, calculation of tables of critical average annual daily traffic values, and generation of a list of TWLTL locations with critical safety concerns. Results presented in the paper have been used in real applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈城市轨道交通建设项目水土保持防治措施

以上海市徐汇区某轨道交通工程项目为例,围绕工程及项目特点,展开分析了该类型生产项目建设的水土流失特点及防治分区特征,并对水土保持措施进行总体布局,以确保城市轨道交通项目水土保持防治措施全面有效地发挥作用.     

Carrier冷藏集装箱微电脑控制器排气压力故障排除

通过对CARRIER冷藏集装箱排气压力故障的分析,阐述修理冷藏集装箱微电脑控制器的一般分析方法、测试方法及应注意问题。     

加强高职生就业指导工作的几点思考

就业是高职院校的生命线,就业率直接关系到高职院校的生存和发展。因此必须加强高职生就业指导工作, 提高高职生就业指导工作水平。为此,应实现高职生就业指导工作的全程化、专业化、全员化。     

地下连续墙的受力状态及计算图式分析

在地下连续墙工程现场观测的基础上,对其受力状态进行了分析探讨。指出单元墙段是呈双向弯曲受力状态。因而按现行设计(单向受弯)的配筋计算应做适当的调整。在用筋总量不增加的基础上,使墙体结构设计更加合理、完善、经济、可靠。     

A practical assessment of stated preferences methods

Stated preferences data in the form of rankings, ratings and choices were collected in Santiago and discrete choice models estimated with them. The models were compared in terms of accuracy v/s the cost of obtaining the information and models. All methods produced reasonable but different models and fairly close subjective values of time. In terms of production costs the ranking method was a clear looser although the experimental design was slightly biased against it. Finally, the use of computerised interviews is highly recommended particularly for dealing with low income people.     

基于模糊时间Petri网的列车运行时间不确定性问题的处理

定义一种应用于铁路列车运行系统的模糊时间Petri网；针对列车运行时间存在的不确定性，该Petri网引入了4个模糊集理论函数：模糊时间片、模糊使能时间、模糊发生时间和模糊延迟，来处理时间的不确定性问题；能够对列车运行过程中的时间不确定性问题进行定量分析，可以有效应用于列车交会、列车终到时间、列车运行计划调整的分析等；其相对于已有的方法具有精确分析、计算简单、简化系统、便于系统集成的特点。     

基于NAPA大宽深比船舶总纵强度计算方法及分析

以大宽深比船舶为研究对象，根据梁理论基本原理，以某近海油船为实例，提出一套基于船舶设计软件NAPA进行总纵强度计算方法和步骤。并与传统手工计算结果相比较，结果表明该方法比传统方法具有较高的计算精度和效率。