我国铁路货运集中化推进模式的研究

铁路广泛实行货运集中化,成为铁路运输组织现代化的主要发展趋势之一。在研究国内外铁路货运集中化的基础上,分析铁路货运集中化的经济效益,提出了我国实施铁路货运集中化的阶段推进模式。     

济南市小清河桥梁方案设计研究及工程设计简介

济南市小清河综合治理的主要内容包括:河道防洪、南水北调干线建设、截污治污、市政道路与桥梁、管线重建、河道绿化景观,以及河道补水等.该文介绍了其中的桥梁规划与方案研究,以及工程设计的思路与原则.最后对13座桥梁方案作了简介.其设计思路可供同行参考.     

曲塔混合梁斜拉桥的非线性稳定分析

介绍了曲塔混合梁斜拉桥的结构形式和稳定性分析方法。根据曲塔混合梁斜拉桥的受力特点,建立斜拉桥施工阶段几何非线性分析的有限元模型,完成了斜拉桥施工过程的仿真分析。在考虑了几何非线性和材料非线性效应的基础上,进行斜拉桥施工阶段和成桥状态的稳定性分析。结果表明,几何非线性对结构整体稳定性影响显著,在考虑几何非线性效应的基础上,材料非线性对稳定性的影响可忽略不计。     

内河船舶垃圾接收处理问题探析

水环境治理长期存在着"守法成本高、执法成本高、违法成本低"的两高一低现象,本文针对船舶垃圾污染物接收过程存在的问题进行简要分析,并提出了相关建议,认为需要采用多管齐下的方法,明确船舶垃圾交付相关管理规定和收费标准,提高对船舶垃圾交付的现场监管力度,并对船主从经济角度给予实惠和执法上给予警示。     

Clockwise hysteresis loops in the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram: An effect of network instability

A recent study reported that the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram of a medium size city exhibited a clockwise hysteresis loop on a day in which a major disturbance caused many drivers to use unfamiliar routes. It is shown below that, even in a perfectly symmetric network with uniform demand, clockwise loops are to be expected when there are disturbances, especially if the disturbances cause a significant fraction of the drivers to not change routes adaptively. It is also shown that when drivers are not adaptive networks are inherently more unstable as they recover from congestion than as they are loaded. In other words, during recovery congestion tends more strongly toward unevenness because very congested areas clear more slowly than less congested areas. Since it is known that uneven congestion distributions reduce network flows, it follows that lower network flows should arise during recovery, resulting in clockwise loops. Fortunately, the presence of a sufficient number of drivers that choose routes adaptively to avoid congested areas helps to even out congestion during recovery, increasing flow. Thus, clockwise loops are less likely to occur when driver adaptivity is high.     

Spatial impacts of road pricing: Accessibility, regional spillovers and territorial cohesion

Road pricing policies are gaining prominence in EU countries. These policies have positive impacts leading to mobility patterns which are socially and environmentally more desirable, but they also have negative impacts. One negative impact is to be found in regional accessibility, due to the increase in generalized transport costs. This study presents a methodology based on accessibility indicators and GIS to assess the accessibility impacts of a road pricing policy. The methodology was tested for the Spain’s road network considering two road pricing scenarios. It enables not only the more penalized regions to be identified but also negative road pricing spillover effects between regions. These effects are measured in terms of accessibility changes occurring in one region produced by charges implemented in another region. Finally, the study of accessibility disparities (by calculating inequality indexes for each of the scenarios considered), provides policymakers with useful information regarding the impact of road pricing policies from the point of view of territorial cohesion.     

A topological route choice model for metro

This article presents a route choice model for public transit networks that incorporates variables related to network topology, complementing those found in traditional models based on service levels (travel time, cost, transfers, etc.) and users’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics (income level, trip purpose, etc.). The topological variables represent concepts such as the directness of the chosen route and user knowledge of the network. For both of these factors, the necessary data is endogenous to the modelling process and can be quantified without the need for information-gathering beyond what is normally required for building route choice models. Other novel variables in the proposed formulation capture notions of user comfort such as vehicle occupancy rates and certain physical characteristics of network stations. We conclude that these new variables significantly improve the explanatory and predictive ability of existing route choice specifications.     

CTC条件下铁路客运站股道运用决策支持系统

结合车站自律机、联锁系统、客运站股道运用技术作业及其要求,设计了基于分散自律控制原则的系统模型、功能与体系结构。运用现代排序理论,构建了股道运用实时调整可控排序模型和耦合模型,提出了基于合成分派规则的三步算法与股道运用通用启发式算法,求解股道运用系列决策问题,解决铁路行车及调车作业之间的干扰问题,并开发了CTC条件下铁路客运站股道运用决策支持系统。分析结果表明:合成分派规则的平均优化解明显优于基本分派规则的平均优化解,合成分派规则EDD+FIFO获得的解最优;实时调整时宜直接采用合成分派规则,尤其是规则EDD+FIFO,求解耦合问题时应综合考虑各种分派规则。可见,系统的功能、性能和技术指标均能满足股道运用智能编制和实时调整的现实需求。     

siRNA沉默MAPK p42对肝癌SMMC7721增殖和凋亡的影响

目的应用siRNA沉默SMMC7721细胞MAPK p42,并观察其对增殖和凋亡的影响。方法应用SilencerTMsiRNA构建试剂盒合成2条MAPK p42siRNAs和一条随机对照siRNAs,用脂质体LipofectaminTM 2000将其转染入肝癌SMMC-7721细胞株。应用Western blot检测MAPK p42表达,MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期及其细胞凋亡。结果与对照相比,MAPK p42siRNA明显抑制MAPK p42表达。MAPK p42siRNA抑制了SMMC-7721细胞的生长,将细胞阻滞于细胞周期S期,进而诱导了细胞凋亡的发生。结论 MAPK p42靶向siRNA可能为肝癌基因治疗的重要手段。     

小学生上下学出行特征分析与管理策略

小学生上下学交通是城市居民出行的重要组成部分,由于家长接送学生时私人小汽车的停放以及机非混合,严重影响了学校门口的交通运行。以小学生上下学出行为研究对象,结合某小学的分层抽样OD调查数据,研究小学生上下学出行方式,并与美国小学生的出行方式进行对比;采集学校所在路段的交通量,绘制12 h交通量时变曲线,与无学校影响的、类似路段的交通量时变曲线进行对比,揭示学校所在路段交通量波动特征和上下学出行结构特征。在出行结构分析和交通量分析基础上,从出行结构和供需关系两方面提出改善小学生上下学交通的管理策略。