汉中市居民出行特征分析及对策研究

基于陕西省汉中市2011年居民出行调查的有关数据,对汉中市居民出行特征进行系统分析,包括出行者年龄、职业、出行目的、出行方式、出行耗时、出行时间分布及出行空间分布等方面,在此基础上,结合中小城市发展特征,从加强城市对外交通、优化城市布局和土地利用、完善城市道路网络和优化城市交通出行结构等方面提出中小城市交通发展的对策,以解决中小城市交通问题,从而引导中小城市健康发展。     

电针对脊髓损伤大鼠星形胶质细胞的影响及机制

目的 观察电针治疗脊髓损伤大鼠的行为功能及脊髓损伤部位胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和阶段性特异性胚胎抗原-1 (SSEA-I)的表达,阐明电针对脊髓损伤后反应性星形胶质细胞增生及分化的影响及其机制.方法 将60只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组和电针治疗组,每组20只.分别于脊髓损伤造模后第3、7、14、28天时进行BBB评分(Basso-Beaie-Bresnehan scale),并用免疫组化方法检测大鼠脊髓损伤部位GFAP和SSEA-1变化并与对照组比较.结果 电针组与模型组在3d和7d时,GFAP和SSEA-1阳性细胞数有差异(P＜0.01),7d时阳性细胞数达到峰值,在14d时电针组和模型组的阳性细胞数有差异(P＜0.05),而在28 d时,电针组和模型组GFAP阳性细胞无明显差异(P＞0.05),但SSEA 1阳性细胞有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 电针治疗能够增加脊髓损伤模型大鼠星形胶质细胞逆分化,激发星形胶质细胞的干细胞潜能,从而促进损伤后脊髓功能的恢复;损伤后的脊髓GFAP和SSEA-1阳性表达的高峰期都在7d,提示脊髓损伤后7d内可能为电针治疗介入的黄金期.     

A proposal for cost-related and market-oriented train running charges

This paper examines some key aspects of a charging system for promoting railway transport, including charges reflecting a clear relationship with costs (transparency) and charges reflecting the quality of the infrastructure manager's service. Train running charges recover track-related costs and can help to develop a charging system that meets these requirements. To orient train running charges to the market, a method for processing track maintenance and renewal costs is proposed whereby the quality of the service provided by an infrastructure is measured according to its utility to the railway undertaking. To achieve transparency, a single indicator is used for cost planning and the subsequent levying of costs on railway undertakings. The paper includes an example of how proposed train running charges would be calculated according to data from 14 European countries. The example shows that short-distance trains generate the lowest maintenance and renewal costs, followed by long-distance trains and freight trains.     

A long panel survey to elicit variation in preferences and attitudes in the choice of electric vehicles

This paper describes the methodology we set up to gather appropriate data to study the impact of real life experience with electric vehicles (EVs) over a relatively long period of time on individual preferences and attitudes. We used stated choices (SC) to elicit individual preferences because EVs and their associated charging infrastructure are not yet fully integrated onto the market. Furthermore, to measure the extent to which the experience of using an EV may affect individual preferences and attitudes, we set up a “long panel” survey, where data was gathered before and after individuals experienced an EV in real life during a three-month period. We also measured attitudinal effects (AE) that might affect the choice of an EV by individuals. To our knowledge, this represents the first example of a “long panel” SC/AE and the first attempt to measure the formation of preferences and attitudes for this emerging product. Our results show that preferences and attitudes are indeed affected by real life experience. In the SC experiment, the respondents only chose the EV half as often as compared to the situation where they had not yet tried it. Furthermore, we measured a change in attitude for statements regarding the use of EVs. On the whole, respondents got a more positive view of the EV driving performance and this change is significantly greater for women than for men. However, respondents expressed more concern about being able to maintain current mobility with an EV. The data gathered in this survey should also serve to analyse the changes generated by direct experience with EVs, and eventually to formulate and estimate advanced discrete choice models that allow insights into factors relevant for improved understanding of market behaviour.     

南宁大桥主桥承台混凝土施工质量控制探讨

文章结合南宁大桥主桥承台大体积混凝土施工实例,分析了大体积混凝土产生裂缝的原因,并从承台大体积混凝土施工方案、材料选择、配合比设计、现场浇筑质量控制等方面,介绍了保证承台大体积混凝土施工质量的控制措施以及取得的效果,对类似工程有一定的借鉴作用。     

基于OFDM的列车控制网络宽带系统

针对列车通信网络日益增长的带宽需求,提出一种TCN基带信号承载高频载波信号的信道共享解决方案,采用OFDM技术与TCN总线共用同一物理介质,在基带传输低速率、高可靠控制指令的同时,叠加更高频域的多媒体数据信息,实现信道复用.利用Matlab建立了列车控制网络宽带OFDM模型,并用FPGA实现了收发机样机系统,最后通过实验,验证了方案的可行性.     

钢筋混凝土桩在粘性土中打桩时的混沌效应分析

研究在粘土中打桩出现的混沌现象.首先利用史密斯提出的打桩波动方程作庞加莱截面图,得到打桩中混沌现象的基本特征.接着分析庞加莱截面图,找到贯入度和速度比值最大的点,即为功耗最小的点.同时,通过曲线拟合证明了功耗最小时的锤重和落高满足重锤轻击的施工经验.根据此原理改变冲击力和初值的大小即可得到打桩时不同截面尺寸方形桩和圆形桩功耗最小时所需的锤重和落高.研究结果表明不同截面尺寸的方形桩和圆形桩与其桩顶冲击力,落高和锤重满足一定的关系曲线,因此施工中根据它们的函数关系选取相应的锤重和落高可以节省功耗,降低造价.     

一种基于单片机控制的多毛细管船舶空调除湿系统的研究

对远洋船舶空调系统,提出了由单片机控制的多毛细管路空调除湿系统,并对其硬件结构和控制方法做些说明,弥补了远洋船舶现有空调除湿系统的不足.     

上层建筑整体吊装方案设计

随着船厂造船设备的不断更新,起重能力不断提高,使得现在的上层建筑分段越来越大,意味着上层建筑的重量也在不断提高,许多船厂都采用了整体吊装的手段进行上层建筑的吊装。上层建筑重量的提高,虽能够用起重能力的提升来解决,但起吊后会对本身产生更大的变形。本文主要围绕某典型船体上层建筑的整体吊装展开研究,确定了该船体上层建筑整体吊装方案,有效控制了变形。     

基于桥面不平整度大跨度斜拉桥的货车行车舒适性

运用自编的车桥耦合程序,计算（竖向、横向以及纵向）3个方向的加速度,同时以ISO2631的行车振动舒适度为评价标准,选用泸州市某特大桥为工程背景,评价其在不同桥面平整度以及车速下的行车舒适性,并且以良好行车舒适性加速度为界限,对车辆过桥在不同桥面平整度下的速度进行分类,为车辆过桥的速度提供一定的理论依据。