Occupant injury risk analysis at NASS/CDS database

Injury information for vehicle occupants from the body regions of the head, thorax, abdomen, and upper and lower extremities, due to the restraints and interior parts of the vehicle, were extracted from the 2009 ~ 2012 NASS/CDS database. For those cases with high occurrence frequency, a detailed and comprehensive data analysis was performed to find the relationship between the accident, occupant, vehicle, and injury data. A numerical frontal impact sled model with the Hybrid III dummy and the GHBMC human body model was constructed to simulate and identify those injury risks according to NASS/CDS. Among the 5,734 injuries to the aforementioned body regions from frontal crashes are, listed by frequency of occurrence, the lower extremity (27.8 %), upper extremity (21.3 %), thorax (15.1 %), face (10.9 %), spine (8.7 %), head (7.3 %), and abdomen (6.9 %). The main injury sources to the head were the windshield, side structure, and steering wheel. For the thorax and abdomen they were the seat belt and steering wheel. For the lower extremity it was the instrument panel. The main injury patterns for the head were the concussion and the contusion. For the thorax they were vessel laceration and lung contusion. For the abdomen they were laceration and contusion of the organs. For the lower extremity they were bone fracture and ligament rupture. The steering wheel and seat positions were main factors affecting head and thorax injury risks. From the sled impact simulation, high injury risks of the head and thorax were assessed respectively at conditions of steering column tilt down and rear most seat position, which correlated well with the findings from the NASS/CDS data analysis.     

彩色多普勒超声在动态监测移植肝及其并发症中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在动态监测肝移植术后血流动力学变化及并发症诊治中的应用价值。方法回顾我中心107例原位肝移植术后应用彩色多普勒超声资料,汇总后行统计学分析。结果肝移植术后早期门脉流速较正常对照组升高,而肝动脉流速降低,后逐渐恢复正常。107例中发现肝动脉血栓形成2例(1.87%),肝动脉狭窄5例(4.67%),门脉血栓形成3例(2.80%),肿瘤复发7例(6.54%),诊断为急性排斥反应18例次(16.82%),慢性排斥反应10例次(9.34%),胸腔积液105例(98.13%),腹腔积液65例(60.74%),假性动脉瘤1例,胰漏1例,胆道感染4例(3.74%),胆道狭窄4例(3.74%),胆漏5例(4.67%),胆总管结石1例。结论彩色多普勒超声在动态监测肝移植术后血流动力学变化及并发症诊治中具有重要的临床意义。     

地铁列车逻辑控制电路安全服役技术应用研究

为克服传统地铁列车继电器控制电路高故障率和无记录功能等诸多缺陷,提出了基于新型二乘二取二技术的无触点逻辑控制方案.完成了系统架构设计包括热备冗余、网络通信、故障诊断、日志分析等功能.针对既有地铁列车进行了控制电路技术方案设计和施工改造,首先在分析原有控制回路原理的基础上,完成无触点逻辑控制单元替代继电器点位设计;然后综...     

钢桥面铺装环氧沥青粘结层施工质量控制

环氧沥青粘结层的施工质量直接影响到环氧沥青混凝土铺装层施工效果的好坏。文中结合后海大桥钢桥面铺装工程实际,对环氧沥青粘结层材料性质及粘结层的施工进行了研究,提出了环氧沥青粘结层施工中应注意的问题。     

A two-phase model for dry port location with an application to the port of Dalian in China

This paper provides guidance for an optimal and reasonable dry port layout for the port of Dalian in China. We present a two-phase framework on the location of dry ports, which solves the selection of candidate inland cities and optimal dry port location choice, respectively. Fuzzy C-Means Clustering is applied to select alternative cities in the vast hinterland of the seaport of Dalian, with a view to identify evaluation factors that affect the location selection decision. A cost-minimisation linear programming solution is proposed, with the aid of a genetic algorithm, to choose the optimal location as well as capacity level among the candidate inland cities.     

A new approach for improving the performance of freight train timetabling of a single-track railway system

A new approach for improving the performance of freight train timetabling for single-track railways is proposed. Using the idea of a fixed-block signaling system, we develop a matrix representation to express the occupation of inter- and intra-station tracks by trains illustrating the train blocking time diagram in its entirety. Train departure times, dwell times, and unnecessary stopping are adjusted to reduce average train travel time and single train travel time. Conflicts between successive stations and within stations are identified and solved. A fuzzy logic system is further used to adjust the range of train departure times and checks are made to determine whether dwell times and time intervals can be adjusted for passenger and freight trains at congested stations to minimize train waiting times. By combining manual scheduling expertise with the fuzzy inference method, timetable efficiency is significantly improved and becomes more flexible.     

集中排烟隧道近火源顶板热参数理论预测

由于集中排烟模式能较好地控制上下游烟气的扩散范围,故被广泛应用于长大隧道设计中。文章针对小尺度火灾,建立了集中排烟隧道火源热烟羽受限发展理论模型,与已有火灾实验结果进行对比,完成了理论模型的验证,预测了顶板下方最高烟气温升、偏移距离等热参数。预测结果表明:火灾强度一定时,烟气最大温升随等效风速增加而急剧下降,且火灾强度对烟气温升的影响也较为显著;当等效风速超过1.5 m/s时,最大温升变化趋缓直至恒定;等效风速较小时,羽流未发生明显偏移,随着等效风速进一步增大,偏移距离明显增大,其变化速率随火灾强度的增大而减小。经回归整理得到了顶板下方烟气最大温升、偏移距离的无量纲准则关联式。     

基于安全和情感化的汽车辅助驾驶系统多模态交互设计研究综述

汽车作为目前人类最常使用的交通工具之一,其智能驾驶技术大部分处在L2～L3“人机共驾”技术的发展阶段,在L5级自动驾驶技术出现之前,“人机共驾”仍然是目前主流的驾驶方式,其各种车载系统和交互方式正在不断完善。多模态交互作为未来设计的发展趋势,必然将与汽车融合产生新的“火花”。对车载系统中多模态交互设计研究包括疲劳状态预警、碰撞预警、车道偏离预警、智能接管提醒、智能泊车等方向进行梳理总结,对车载AI多模态交互设计包括多屏交互、触控交互、手势交互、语音交互、表情交互、眼动交互等自然交互方式进行分析。采用文献研究及案例分析的方式探究如何在基于安全和情感化的背景下使驾驶员的体验更加舒适,展望了汽车多模态交互设计在车载系统中的应用及未来趋势。恰当而良好的交互方式融合将会提高各种车载系统及应用的安全性和驾驶的舒适度。多模态交互的引入必将是汽车发展的趋势。     

"盖挖法"在近接既有建筑物的大跨隧道施工中的应用

针对大跨隧道洞口段埋深浅、邻近既有建筑物的工程特点,在国内外研究成果的基础上,对近接施工影响程度及范围进行了分析,并对各施工方案进行详细比选.结果表明,"盖挖法"不但能克服传统方法带来的各种不利因素,而且能够确保隧道的施工进度和既有建筑物的安全,同时可减少对洞口生态环境的破坏,是最佳的近接施工方案.     

小净距隧道洞口通风交叉污染的数值分析及工程处治措施

在小净距隧道通风过程中,会出现排出的污染空气被吸人到邻近隧道中的交叉污染,严重影响隧道通风的性能和效率.文章以北固山隧道洞口段及隧道外空气域为分析对象,采用k-ε双方程紊流模型及组分传输方程组,借助Fluent软件,模拟不同速度自然风,针对现有洞口设计、洞口外设置中隔墙以及出口施做明洞3种情况,研究隧道洞口以外污染物扩散对邻近隧道的影响.研究表明:隧道洞口接一段距离的明洞,对缓解通风交叉污染效果是非常明显的.