典型BIM技术在船闸工程平面提升闸门设计中的应用

平面提升闸门在船闸工程中是常用的一种门型，针对其采用传统的设计方法存在过程复杂、费时费力、更改繁琐、效率低下等问题。文章以曹娥江上浦船闸及航道工程中的平面提升闸门为例，采用典型BIM技术Autodesk Invertor三维设计的方法，特别对平面提升闸门采用该软件设计时的三维模型建立、生成机构传动动画，结构干涉检查、闸门重心位置显示、二维工程图等应用进行了研究和阐述。表明了将Autodesk Invertor软件应用在实际工程中，能够大大缩短设计周期，提高设计效率和准确率，对其他类型的闸门设计也有很好的借鉴意义。     

Training Needs of Coastal Resources Decision Makers in Ohio's Lake Erie Basin

This article describes results from a study focused on informational and knowledge needs of local coastal resources decision makers in the Ohio Lake Erie basin. New information was obtained through a series of focus groups of local decision makers and key training providers in the basin. The results suggest that training providers and local coastal resources decision makers have differing perceptions of knowledge and information needs and training venues. The results suggest a role for state and federal agency training providers as coordinators and facilitators of an enhanced learning network among decision makers, including support of an information clearinghouse, adoption of appropriate e-based learning modalities, and regionally based learning and practice networks to improve the function of the training market to meet local decision maker needs.     

Response of the Black Sea mean level to atmospheric pressure and wind forcing

The response of the Black Sea mean level to atmospheric pressure (AP) and wind forcing is investigated using 5 years of TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P hereafter) data. A coherence analysis is first applied to mean sea level and pressure to examine the validity of the inverse barometer (IB) approximation over this area. As expected, it reveals very significant deviations from an IB response attributed to the narrowness of the Bosphorus Strait and its limiting role in water exchanges. A comparison is drawn with the Mediterranean Sea case. A single basin version of the Candela analytical model [Candela, J., 1991. The Gibraltar Strait and its role in the dynamics of the Mediterranean Sea. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 15, 267–300], which takes linear friction at the strait into account, is then used. The model explains a significant part of the T/P mean sea level variance (about 30%, while the IB correction only explains 5% of its variance) and provides a means to correct the altimeter data for the pressure effect much better than the standard IB effect. The response of the mean sea level to wind forcing is then analysed. Coherence analysis between sea level and along-strait wind stress (WS) reveals a significant coherence at periods ranging from 40 to 100 days, with an almost steady phase of 270°. This result is confirmed with a multiple coherence analysis (mean sea level vs. WS and AP). A plausible mechanism is a piling-up of water at the northern or southern end of the strait due to along-strait wind forcing. The associated along-strait pressure gradient would modify the barotropic flow in the strait and then the mean sea level. Using an extension of the Candela model, we show that this mechanism is consistent with T/P mean sea level observations.     

Modeling and analysis of a fuel-injection pump used in diesel engines

The Fuel-Injection Pump (FIP) used in diesel engine has a higher-pair cam-mechanism to pressurize the fuel for injection. This paper proposes a methodology to model FIP from a multibody Dynamics (MBD) perspective. The results from the model include the temporal behavior of driving torque, contact Hertz stress and reaction forces at various joints. The model helps the designer to assess the effect of various cam profiles, link parameters and other design variables. It is necessary that these parameters be optimized for future high pressure applications. For this purpose, a cam-mechanism with offset follower axis is analysed. Decoupled Natural Orthogonal Complement (DeNOC) matrices based algorithm is used to model FIP without and with offset cam-mechanism. The study shows that, the offset cam-mechanism allows reduction in the side-thrust, reaction forces, and the contact Hertz stress acting on the cam-follower interface. As a typical case, for an FIP working around a pressure value of 600 bar, an optimum offset value is found to be 9.5 mm and it shows a reduction of about 45% in side thrust values. To validate the modeling approach, experimental studies are performed on pump without and with offset cam-mechanism. Experimental results are in qualitative agreement with the theoretical model results.     

跨丰沙铁路小曲线半径转体桥设计

北京地铁14号线跨丰沙铁路节点桥位于右线曲线半径为470 m的曲线上,桥梁主体结构为84+84 m的T构。桥梁转体跨度71+71 m,转体重量7 130 t,转体时球铰中心相对下盘中心向曲线内侧预设偏心1.152 m,转体角度33.46°,桥梁的转体半径和转体跨度在轨道交通转体桥梁的设计和施工领域均为国内首创。比选桥梁方案,从针对桥梁上部结构的非对称主体结构设计、下部结构预偏心设置、施工合拢段位置的选择、施工时对既有铁路线的防护等多方面进行论述和详细介绍。结果表明,通过上部结构非对称设计和转体结构预设偏心,有效地保证了小曲线半径大跨度桥梁转体施工时的平衡和稳定性,大大降低了施工风险。     

Man and his transport behaviour. Part 3a Metamorphosis of transport behaviour: the Indian context

Passenger Transport: Planning for Radical Change. Edited by J. D. Carr. (Gower: Aldershot.) [Pp. 224.] £27.50. ISBN 0 566 05183 4.

Geografia Transportu Polski. Transport Geography of Poland (in Polish). Second edition. By T. Lijewski. (Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne, 1986.) [Pp. 286.] Z1.240. ISBN 83 208 0474 4.

Future Transport Policy. By K. J. Button and D. Gillingwater. (London: Croom Helm, 1986.) [Pp. 224.] £27.50. ISBN 0 7099 3225 1.     

Changing patterns of urban travel Part 2. public transport and future patterns of travel

This two‐part paper contains most of a report prepared by TRRL for the European Conference of Ministers of Transport, and presented by one of the authors to the Council of Ministers in November 1984. Part 1, which was published in the January‐March 1986 issue of Transport Reviews, looked at the way cities have been changing over the years and the influence of growing car ownership on trip patterns. This part examines the changes in public transport use in more detail, considers the interactions between the various underlying trends, speculates on future travel patterns by both public and private means and considers the likely impact of land use and transport policies.     

PGM48型钢轨打磨车驱动齿轮箱的研制

主要介绍了PGM48型钢轨打磨车驱动齿轮箱的主要技术参数,阐述了其结构特点、工作原理、试验结果。该打磨车目前使用结果良好,满足设计要求。     

Numerical Simulation of Low-temperature Shrinkage Cracking of Asphalt Pavement Based on Cohesive Zone Model

低温缩裂是沥青路面使用过程中遇到的主要病害之一,为了更清楚地揭示沥青路面低温缩裂的机理,基于内聚力模型,运用ABAQUS有限元软件对沥青路面的低温缩裂过程进行数值模拟.建立了粘弹性分析的模型,对约束试件温度应力试验(TSRST)进行数值模拟,其数值模拟结果与试验结果非常接近；拟定路面结构内聚力及粘弹性材料参数,模拟了不同降温时间情况下沥青面层断裂损伤的情况.结果表明:低温缩裂模型中加入粘弹性参数后,路表面层发生初始损伤的起始温度要求更低；从断裂过程上来看,弹性的沥青面层开裂具有瞬时性,开裂过程极为短暂;加入粘弹性材料参数后,沥青路面开裂具有过程性,比弹性的路面结构更接近实际沥青路面的开裂状况.     

朔黄铁路公司经营机制创新

“创新,否则就太迟了”,这是美国通用公司经久不衰的法宝。经营机制创新是公司创新的重中之重。