大型营运客车在高速公路的换道安全性辨识

为了给大型营运客车换道预警系统设计提供参考,采用毫米波雷达、激光雷达、车道线识别传感器、GPS、视频监控系统以及控制器局域网（CAN）总线数据采集仪等设备,基于小型乘用车搭建浮动车采集平台。通过在试验线路上进行1.5×10⁴ km的驾驶试验,获取1 200余次营运客车的真实换道数据。以Jula提出的换道安全性模型为基础,结合营运客车的换道行为特征,通过分析换道进程结束后客车需要与周围车辆保持的安全距离,建立适合于营运客车的3类换道安全性识别模型（客车与自车道前方车辆、目标车道前方车辆、目标车道后方车辆）,并利用真实数据对3类模型进行验证。研究结果表明：客车换道持续时间均值为10.4 s,换道起始时刻与目标车道后方车辆的距离为10.0~40.0 m;所有换道样本中,73.3%的换道过程中客车速度要高于目标车道后方车辆,且超过90%的换道过程是由前方慢车引起;不同的速度区间下,车速和航向角联合变化情况下,驾驶人控制营运客车的横向偏移速度保持稳定,可认为客车驾驶人的心理预期换道进程存在固定经验模式,这与小型车换道的研究结论存在较大差异,传统的TTC预警算法识别率较低,在不同速度区间情况下,所提出的模型对客车与自车道前方车辆、目标车道前方车辆、目标车道后方车辆的换道安全识别评价准确率均超过了90%。     

沈大高速公路路面使用性能养护综合评价模型的研究

以沈阳至大连高速公路路况普查的数据为基础，考虑路面性能参数的概率分布特性，建立了高速公路沥青路面使用性能养护综合评价模型，并通过产例将其与国内外模型进行了对比分析，验证了其实用性。然后通过进一步研究建立了此模型与养护经济费用的关系，找出了路面养护费用增长的敏感阶段，建立基于路况综合评价的路面养护优先级别，为高速公路养护优先排序提供了一个简捷的参考方法，最后应用马尔可夫过程建模方法，建立了路况综合评价随时间衰变的概率预测矩阵，使之可供养费用分析之用，通过以上研究，此模型可为高速公路沥青路面的养护评价，养护对策的优先排序，养护资金的优化决策分析提供参考。     

基于SIMP理论的电动汽车车身多目标拓扑优化

为在电动汽车车身概念设计阶段得到合理的承载结构,综合考虑静动态特性,进行了多目标拓扑优化.基于带惩罚的实体各向同性材料(SIMP)理论,采用折衷规划法定义静态多工况目标函数,用平均频率法定义动态振动频率目标函数,并通过对各目标函数归一化消除其数量级差异;利用优化准则法更新设计变量进行优化迭代,得到同时满足静态刚度和动态振动频率要求的电动汽车车身拓扑结构.     

All minutes are not equal: travel time and the effects of congestion on commute satisfaction in Canadian cities

Despite decades of research, it is unclear under which circumstances travel is most onerous. While studies have found that some individuals derive positive utility from aspects of commuting, others have shown that traffic congestion can entail important time, monetary, and mental stress costs. Moreover, responses to traffic congestion-related stressors differs by individual characteristics. In response, this research captures how exposure to traffic congestion events, the duration of this exposure, and individual trait susceptibility to congestion affect the utility of commuting. Working through the lens of individual satisfaction with the duration of their commute, we show that not every minute of travel is valued the same by car commuters in Canadian cities. Results suggest a complex relationship between travel time, congestion, and individual predisposition to congestion-related stress. While improvements in travel time matter for increasing commute satisfaction, it is reductions in travel in congested conditions that matter most, particularly among those susceptible to congestion-related stressors.     

功能失调性子宫出血85例临床分析

对我院１９８０年１月～１９９０年１２月收治的８５例功能失调性子宫出血进行回顾性分析。更年期、育龄期、青春期分别占５４．１％、２３．５％及２２．４％。皆除外器质性疾病。其中３１例刮宫止血，有效率９６．８％，２４例雌激素止血，有效率９１．７％。３０例反复出血治疗无效的更年期患者行子宫切除术。本文强调诊断关键是排除器质性疾病，急性功血治疗应根据不同年龄采用迅速有效的止血方法。     

船舶自动识别系统的信息传输

AIS的信息传输采用自组织时分多址技术。讨论基于这种技术的AIS信息传输格式、系统的同步、传播时延和保护时间等问题 ,分析了由保护时间限定的系统最大传播距离和岸台天线最大高度的计算方法。     

Extreme-response analysis of jack-up platforms

The extreme wave and current response of a typical North Sea jack-up drilling platform has been calculated using nonlinear, stochastic, time-domain analysis techniques. A statistical treatment of the response-time histories has been performed. Appropriate probability distributions have been fitted to simulated response amplitudes and extrapolated to determine extreme values in storms of 3 or 6 h duration. Nonlinear geometric effects and dynamic effects are also addressed.

The results of the nonlinear time-domain analyses are compared to the results of more simplified methods used in jack-up designs.     

Selection of expert system shells for traffic signal design

Although the use of expert systems (ESs) as a problem-solving tool is relatively new in the transportation profession, it has been recognized that a well-designed ES can contribute in areas where the knowledge domain requires an integration of expertise from various disciplines or is very complex and difficult to quantify. To minimize the effort involved in developing essential ES mechanisms, researchers often prefer to use ES shells which provide a standard inference procedure, knowledge representation, and a user-friendly design environment. However, commercial ES shells tend to be designed for only certain classes of problems, and are not as general and flexible as programming languages. More than 150 commercial ES shells are available in the microcomputer market. Most ES shells are usually claimed by their vendors to be usable for almost any conceivable applications, but such claims have often proved to be extravagant. Hence, the selection of an efficient yet costeffective commercial shell is one of the most critical tasks in ES development. In reviewing the vital task of ES shell selection, this paper presents our experience in evaluating more than 30 ES shells for developing an ES for signal design. The proposed ES includes signal settings, phasing plans, controllers, and detector locations.     

Maritime economics: Problems and challenges for the future

The light is always identical in its composition, but it falls on a great variety of objects, and by so falling is first revealed to us, not in its own form, for it is formless, but in theirs; in like manner, thought only appears in the objects it classifies.     

Passenger car units in saturation flows: Concept,definition, derivation

Passenger car units (pcus) are traditionally used to represent the effects of changes in traffic composition (the mix of cars, goods vehicles, buses, ad so on) on the saturation flows at traffic signal junctions. This paper describes in the results obtained by the two main methods of derivation of pcu values, regression analysis of asynchronous vehicles counts (asynchronous regression) and headway ratio methods, when applied to data from two large public road studies. The relationship between the various methods of derivation used is investigated. Regression analysis of synchronous vehicle counts, Webster's method, and headway ratio methods are seen to agree, but asynchronous regression necessarily gives lower results so long as there is variability in the headways of vehicles of a given class (e.g. in car-to-car headways). Alternative method of regression analysis of asynchronous counts is investigated but found to be biased, although les so than the existing method. Conventional asynchronous regression gives unbiased saturation flow estimates if unbiased prior pcu values are used. The effects of assumed pcu values on signal settings and consequent delays in subsaturation conditions are examined. Value corresponding to delay-minimising settings are close to the ratio of the mean headways of the appropriate vehicle classes.