A study of maritime security and piracy

This paper studies the contributing factors of maritime piracy by analyzing previous incidents that have been reported to the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Part of the analysis is to filter those ship types that are particularly vulnerable to piracy attacks. The paper also introduces the guidelines developed by the IMO and the industry envisaging to minimize the risk to ships that are exposed to attacks from pirates. It further describes the initiatives taken to develop a sustainable mechanism in the high-risk area (HRA)¹ to suppress piracy and other maritime crimes. This study reflects the fact that maritime security and piracy issues’ importance has been increasingly recognized in the 40 year history of Maritime Policy & Management.     

地铁盾构隧道施工中管片错台控制技术研究

地铁隧道管片错台是盾构施工中常见的质量缺陷之一,严重的错台会导致成型隧道出现大面积破损、渗漏,不仅影响到列车的安全运营,还会严重影响隧道的安全性、耐久性。文章以西安地铁某盾构施工区段衬砌管片出现大面积错台破损为背景,对管片错台原因和产生的机理进行深入分析,并提出针对性的控制技术措施。     

基于交通风条件多点进出城市地下道路CO污染物浓度分布特性预测模型

多点进出城市地下道路结构形式复杂且位于城市人员密集区，机动车在行驶过程中排放的污染物(CO、NO_<i>x等)不仅将对隧道内驾驶人员的健康产生影响，同时还会给隧道洞口附近民众的居住环境及健康带来影响。为此，以机动车流排放污染物CO浓度分布规律为重点研究对象，依据质量守恒定律、并联风路理论，并结合上海和长沙4条隧道现场实测以及1∶8缩尺模型试验研究方法，开展了关于多点进出城市地下道路交通风以及机动车流排放污染物扩散特性的研究；基于研究结果，提出了交通风条件下多点进出城市地下道路机动车流排放污染物CO浓度分布特性预测模型构建方法，包括交通风速V_r、对流传质系数h_m和扩散特征系数K等关键参数的确定方法；长沙市营盘路湘江隧道实测结果验证了该模型的有效性，交通风以及污染物浓度预测模型计算值与实测值的误差评估值I_A分别为0.992和0.916。当已知隧道结构特征和交通特征时，利用该计算模型即可预测评估多点进出城市地下道路内沿机动车行驶方向各断面的平均交通风速、机动车流排放污染物CO平均浓度；同时可定量评价各分(合)流匝道对主隧道CO浓度分布特性的影响规律。研究结果可为多点进出城市地下道路科学选址及其通风系统优化设计与节能运行提供参考依据。     

山区公路事故率与平面线形的关系

统计了2条山区公路的交通事故数据与平面线形数据,采用角度变化率作为平面线形的表征参数,对样本路段区间内的事故率与角度变化率进行回归分析,分别计算了当前样本路段向前0.25、0.50、0.75、1.00、1.50km等多个计算区间上的平均角度变化率。对角度变化率进行二次处理,利用最小二乘法拟合了事故率与角度变化率之间的曲线关系。分析结果表明:路段1、2区间内的事故率与角度变化率的拟合判定系数较低,分别为0.414 2和0.120 8;在当前样本路段向前0.50km的计算区间上,事故率与平均角度变化率的正二次抛物线关系均最明显,拟合判定系数分别为0.966 1和0.790 8;当平均角度变化率大约在0.002 0(°).km-1时,事故率最低。     

复合材料桥墩整体力学性能仿真分析

参照八三式铁路轻型军用桥墩的力学性能指标,采用玻纤复合材料设计了铁路抢修桥墩2m长立柱单元,利用ANSYS对9.5m高的2×4、3×3和3×4几种典型等截面拼组形式的复合材料桥墩进行了整体稳定性分析,并对3×4等截面墩身进行了模态分析,得出如下结论：复合材料桥墩单柱失稳对桥墩整体失稳不起控制作用,在实际使用拼组时,需要...     

对铁路桥梁建设贯彻国防要求有关问题的探讨

着眼铁路桥梁建设贯彻国防要求的重要性,立足军事运输对铁路桥梁在防护伪装、结构抗毁和抢修抢建三方面的实际需求,在对管理工作现状及其对策进行分析研究的基础上,阐述了实行铁路桥梁建设贯彻国防要求目录化管理的必要性,初步探讨了其主要构成和拟定、实施办法,最后提出要在现行技术规程的基础上,进一步制定层次性强的铁路桥梁建设贯彻国防要求技术规程。     

曲线地段设备限界的计算原理

对《地铁设计规范》附录A中的曲线地段设备限界计算原理进行了分析,阐述了采用基准坐标系作为曲线设备限界坐标系的缘由和建立曲线地段设备限界计算模式的基本原则,简要介绍了设备限界计算程序和如何制定建筑限界。     

Mechanical behavior of tubular T-joint after fire

This paper presents experimental results of the post-fire behavior of tubular T-joints. The research aims at the failure modes and the residual strengths of the T-joints after fire. Three tests of full-scale tubular T-joints are conducted. The first one is carried out to study the mechanical behavior of T-joints under ambient temperature. The other two tests are performed to study the influence of pre-load, heating and cooling phase on residual load-bearing capacity of the tubular T-joints. The test results show that the sustained axial load on the brace has remarkable influence on the residual deflection of the T-joints which is cooled down to room temperature. The results of the experiments also indicate that the axial load level and heating and cooling history have more significant effects on the compressive stiffness of the T-joints than the residual strength. In the numerical study, the result of finite element model agrees well with the test result. The work in this paper provides a basis for further parametric analysis and theoretical study on the structural evaluation after fire.     

Effect of remelting current on molten pool profile of titanium alloy ingot during vacuum arc remelting process

The performance of vacuum arc remelting (VAR) ingot depends largely on ingot structure and chemical uniformity, which are strongly influenced by molten pool profile that is influenced by VAR process. To better understand the effect of remelting current on molten pool profile of titanium alloy ingot during VAR process, a 3D finite element model is developed by the ANSYS software. The results show that there are three remelting stages during VAR process when the remelting current is 2.0 kA. The molten pool depth increases gradually from 30 to 320 s, then the change of molten pool depth is very small during the steady state stage from 320 to 386 s, and lastly the molten pool depth becomes shallow after 386 s. The melting rate and temperature of superheat increase with the remelting current increasing, which leads to the augment of molten pool volume. In the end, the total remelting time and steady state molten pool time decrease with the melting current from 1.6 to 2.8 kA.     

Numerical analysis of material properties in deformation of near hemispherical shells

In this paper, the effects of hardening exponent, yield strength and elastic modulus on the deformability of near hemispherical shells are investigated by means of finite element method and orthogonal experiment design. The largest eccentric angle during the deformation process and thickness reduction after the deformation are introduced to estimate the deformability quantitatively according to the deformation characteristics of near hemispherical shells. The results indicate that the hardening exponent is the most influential parameter, followed by elastic modulus and yield strength. The shell exhibits good deformability when the hardening exponent and elastic modulus are in the range of 0.1–0.125 and 70–108 GPa, respectively.