复杂地层内地铁联络通道冻结施工冻胀控制研究

针对地铁联络通道冻结施工时常面临的冻胀过大且冻胀率较难测定的施工难题,依托杭州某复杂地层内越江隧道联络通道冻结施工实例,采用数值分析不同假定冻胀率对冻土体内力和主隧道变形的影响,通过冻土体内力变化制定出冻土体的临界冻胀率,同时对主隧道竖向变形进行监测,并结合主隧道计算竖向变形反馈出实际冻胀率,最后根据实际冻胀率和临界冻...     

个体机动交通收费措施在VISUM中的实现

由于城市交通和高速公路交通越来越拥堵,通常会考虑引入各种收费措施调节交通需求和路径选择.为评估收费措施对出行行为的影响,在说明相关概念的基础上,利用一个简单的示例,系统地介绍了VISUM中考虑个体机动交通收费的三种措施——基于路段、基于区域以及基于矩阵的收费对交通分配的影响,并给出了各措施采用的分配方法和工作流程.最后...     

镂空钢管约束混凝土柱试验研究

钢管约束混凝土柱是一种新型结构构件,其约束钢管采用镂空形式,外部由一层纤维增强塑料( FRP,Fiber Reinforcement Plastic)封闭.研究采用的镂空钢管为方形管,边长为30.8cm,高度为11.43cm,有2种不同的镂空圆孔分布模式:一种为正方形布置,一种为梅花形布置.试验的约束混凝土柱试件总数为...     

橡胶沥青的输送和计量

橡胶沥青作为道路工程中的高温、高粘度介质,想要成功地将其泵送可能并不容易,而进行橡胶沥青的计量则更具挑战性。由于胶粉的磨蚀性,使用机械式的齿轮流量计已被证明是不可靠的。因为随着时间的推移,胶粉对齿轮的磨损会造成啮合齿轮打滑,由此造成的测量误差会超过精度许可范围。     

装用电磁驱动气门的发动机配气相位优化

在自行研制的电磁驱动气门性能测试的基础上,提出了配气相位的优化步骤与原则,对装用电磁驱动气门的车用汽油机进行了性能仿真,确定了最优的配气相位,提出了用改变进气关闭角来调节负荷的方法.研究结果表明,电磁驱动气门的应用可使车用汽油机在中低转速工况的动力性和部分负荷工况的经济性得到显著改善.     

基于驾驶模拟器的使用手机对车辆驾驶可靠度的影响

将驾驶模拟器作为试验平台分析使用手机对驾驶的影响,有40名驾驶员参与了多阶段的试验,利用统计数据对不同通讯方式下完成的不同驾驶任务进行比较分析,得到初步结论:带有干扰性的手机通话最有可能引发道路交通事故,而免提可以起到轻微的改善作用,不能有效改善负面影响;使用手机同时完成双重任务的干扰性远比单一任务的干扰性影响大;男性使用手机对于驾驶安全性影响比对女性大。以试验的相关统计数据为基础,建立了使用手机对驾驶的可靠度模型,综合分析验证了使用手机对于车辆驾驶影响的初步结论。进一步为基于模型的驾驶可靠度进行分级,得到结论:使用手机对驾驶可靠度影响显著,干扰对话对驾驶可靠度影响更加显著;任何形式的通话都会使可靠度迅速减小。     

Enhanced selective forwarding scheme for alert message propagation in vehicular <Emphasis Type="Italic">ad hoc</Emphasis> networks

Vehicle-based applications were recently introduced to improve traffic safety and efficiency. These applications are classified into either safety-oriented or non-safety-oriented applications. Safety-oriented applications are typically provided by means of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications to support reliable and fast alert message propagation to all surrounding vehicles when an emergency occurs on the road. In vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) broadcast-based packet forwarding is typically preferred for the propagation of urgent traffic-related information to all reachable nodes within a specified dangerous region. However, this approach may cause broadcast storm problems, which can lead to serious contention between transmissions from adjacent nodes. In this paper, we propose an alert message propagation scheme that is based on selective forwarding and aims to i) minimize the number of rebroadcasting nodes and ii) guarantee reliable and fast alert message delivery to all reachable nodes. Our scheme was evaluated using two different highway scenarios. The simulation results demonstrated that the performance of the proposed scheme was better than that of existing broadcast schemes in terms of the message delivery latency, the message delivery ratio, and the message rebroadcasting ratio.     

Optimization and design of disk-type MR brakes

In this paper, first a new design for a disk-type magneto-rheological (MR) brake for automotive applications is proposed and then, a finite element analysis is performed to analyze the resulting magnetic field intensity distribution within the MR brake configuration. This finite element model of the brake is then utilized in a optimization process which incorporates Genetic Algorithm (GA) to obtain optimal design parameters. The optimization process goal is to increase the braking torque capacity of the brake while keeping the weight of the brake as low as possible. Although, the braking torque of the present design is larger compared to the previous designs, the braking toque capacity of the present design is still smaller than the required braking torque for automobiles.     

Relationship between occupant injury and the perturbation mark on the velocity indicator on a cluster panel

A perturbation mark is occasionally produced on the velocity indicator of the cluster panel of a vehicle during a vehicle collision. This mark can be used to estimate the velocity of the vehicle at the moment of the vehicle’s impact. In this study, the effect of the impact velocity and the deceleration of the vehicle on the perturbation mark were investigated, and an analysis of the driver’s injury was also conducted through a numerical pulse representation and computer simulations. Sled and pendulum tests were used to replicate the conditions that produce a perturbation mark on the velocity indicator of a cluster panel. It was verified that a higher peak acceleration is more likely than the impact velocity to cause a perturbation mark. According to the computer simulation results, a driver’s injury could be more severe at higher peak accelerations with a constant impact velocity. If a perturbation mark, which can be used to estimate the impact velocity, is found while investigating a vehicle accident, this mark reveals that the acceleration was higher than that listed in the related crash report. Therefore, the injuries of the occupants could be more serious than those expected at the reported impact velocity.