轴向组合式小径向/轴向刚度比橡胶球铰结构介绍

以一种地铁车辆用转臂定位节点为例,介绍了一种轴向组合式橡胶-金属球铰结构,此种结构的特点是径向/轴向刚度比小,橡胶预压缩简单可靠,刚度调节范围广,疲劳可靠性好.     

出口马达加斯加米轨转向架的研制

介绍了出口马达加斯加米轨转向架的主要技术参数、结构特点及有关计算和试验情况.     

主动导向转向架的多体动力学仿真与试验研究

对主动导向转向架的半车模型进行了多体动力学计算,并进行了滚动台试验,计算结果和试验结果基本一致。将半车模型扩展为整车模型后,进行了计算分析,研究结果表明,主动导向转向架可以大大提高转向架的曲线通过性能。     

铁路基桩反射波法完整性检测应用探讨

对使用反射波法检测铁路大直径基桩完整性时,其反射波曲线中浅部会产生1个正向缺陷信号的问题作了详细探讨。经分析,它是由于基桩在冲击成孔或人工挖孔施工中,其桩顶砂浆没有清理干净和人工挖孔桩护壁等原因引起的。所以,在采用反射波法检测基桩完整性时,其桩顶砂浆要清理干净,且露出含有粗细骨料均匀致密呈青色的混凝土新表面,而对于人工挖孔桩的护壁影响因素可在桩体混凝土强度达到设计强度95%时进行检测。这样,就能够消除反射波曲线中浅部的正向缺陷信号,以便正确判定基桩完整性。     

牵引变电所换相连接方式研究

针对石家庄西变电所施工改造中,2008年3月发生的变电所母线和变压器换相连接问题,利用理论和测试的方法进行了分析,找出了原因。同时结合运行和施工中其他2例换相故障,提出了几项切实可行的措施。     

Socially and environmentally appropriate urban futures for the motor car

In its relatively short life, the automobile has provided a level of mobility unlikely to have been feasible with a reliance on conventional forms of land based public transport. It has contributed in both a positive and negative way to the quality of life, transforming our cities, our way of life, and giving us a greater command over time and space. Concern over the undesirable social and environmental impacts has increased over time, with calls for governments to take action to reduce the automobile's dominant role. New investment in fixed-track public transport and bus priority systems together with strategies to discourage travel have been proposed to improve accessibility and to aid in cleaning up the physical environment. This paper reviews some of the issues facing society as it works to identify policies to achieve an economically and environmentally sustainabie future. There is a need for a broader set of policies to facilitate alternative land use-transport lifestyles while facing appropriate pricing signals. Some of the key issues are adjustments in the relative prices of location and transport, spatial incentives to make public transport economically viable (i.e. changing urban densities, zoning/incentive changes to allow more infill), road pricing (i.e. charging cars the economic cost of using the roads), new information technology systems (e.g. IVHS) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of transport infrastructure, major improvements in the fuel efficiency of fossil fuelled vehicles, and alternative-fuelled vehicles (clean-air vehicles).     

越江地铁隧道土压平衡盾构施工土压力分区研究

在江底进行地铁盾构施工,若土仓压力控制不当,会使江水涌入掘进面,带来很大危险.为降低盾构越江施工的风险,以杭州地铁1号线盾构隧道越江工程为背景,根据该区间工程的线形、地质水文特点及周边环境的情况,将盾构越江段分为6个区段,并分析了各区段的特点.在试验段施工参数实测数据分析的基础上,根据越江段的分区情况和施工环境等条件,提出了越江段的土仓压力合理设定值为0.15～0.38 MPa.越江段土仓压力实测结果为0.21～0.52 MPa,土仓压力实测值与理论值的比值为1.08～2.17.通过对土仓压力进行分区研究,为土压平衡盾构顺利穿越钱塘江提供了一定的技术参考,也可为其他越江盾构工程提供借鉴.     

激光堆焊工艺在修造领域的应用现状及发展趋势

本文详细阐述了激光堆焊工艺在工业修造领域的应用现状及发展趋势,介绍了激光束的能源、输送和聚焦系统、堆焊材料及激光设备。重点说明了其在修造领域的应用工艺。     

Use and perceptions of a real time passenger information system

The use of high-technology systems in the transport sector has increased steadily over recent years. This paper outlines the development of vehicle monitoring and control systems and their use in the public transport arena. The paper shows how one such system, that operated by Datatrak Ltd., has been adapted to provide a real time passenger information system for the RiverBus Partnership in London.

1 The RiverBus service described in this article ceased operation in August 1993. The collapse of the RiverBus Partnership followed the financial difficulties surrounding Olympia and York, developers of Canary Wharf in London Docklands.

Passenger use and perception of the system is evaluated, based on surveys of RiverBus users. This provides an evaluation of the system, and highlights the importance of introducing such systems based on user information needs and as part of the total marketing package.     

A simple formulation for predicting the ultimate strength of ships

The aim of this study is to derive a simple analytical formula for predicting the ultimate collapse strength of a single- and double-hull ship under a vertical bending moment, and also to characterize the accuracy and applicability for earlier approximate formulations. It is known that a ship hull will reach the overall collapse state if both collapse of the compression flange and yielding of the tension flange occur. Side shells in the vicinity of the compression and the tension flanges will often fail also, but the material around the final neutral axis will remain in the elastic state. Based on this observation, a credible distribution of longitudinal stresses around the hull section at the overall collapse state is assumed, and an explicit analytical equation for calculating the hull ultimate strength is obtained. A comparison between the derived formula and existing expressions is made for largescale box girder models, a one-third-scale frigate hull model, and full-scale ship hulls.List of symbols A _B total sectional area of outer bottom - A _B total sectional area of inner bottom - A _D total sectional area of deck - A _S half-sectional area of all sides (including longitudinal bulkheads and inner sides) - a _s sectional area of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating - b breadth of plate between longitudinal stiffeners - D hull depth - D _B height of double bottom - E Young's modulus - g neutral axis position above the base line in the sagging condition or below the deck in the hogging condition - H depth of hull section in linear elastic state - I _s moment of inertia of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating - l length of a longitudinal stiffener between transverse beams - M _E elastic bending moment - M _p fully plastic bending moment of hull section - M _u ultimate bending moment capacity of hull section - M _uh ,M _us ultimate bending moment in hogging or sagging conditions - r radius of gyration of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating [=(I _s /a _s )^1/2] - t plate thickness - Z elastic section modulus at the compression flange - Z _B ,Z _D elastic section modulus at bottom or deck - slenderness ratio of plate between stiffeners [= (b/t)(_y/E)^1/2] - slenderness ratio of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating [=(l/r)(_y/E)^1/2] - _y yield strength of the material - _yB , _yB , _yD yield strength of outer bottom, inner bottom - _yS deck, or side - _u ultimate buckling strength of the compression flange - _uB , _uB , _uD ultimate buckling strength of outer bottom - _uS inner bottom, deck, or side