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241.
Many porting systems for internal combustion engines have been tried and tested over the years, however the basic spring actuated poppet valve system has prevailed over the last century. In the goal to lower engine output parasitic losses, a simple rotary valve porting system design is proposed and analyzed. The proposed design concept takes into consideration and combines all the prominent advantages of many ealier mutlitiple design variations over the past century. The inherent primary advantage of such a rotary porting system is the elimination of reciprocating components, thus lowering vibration, and removal of highly stiff springs which contribute to considerable system power loss. Comparable sized 3-D representations of both systems are constructed in CAD (Computer Aided Design) software in order to run mechanical and fluid simulations to validate the efficiency advantage of a rotary valve porting system. Using Pro/Engineer Mechanism Dynamics module, the minimum torque required to actuate both systems at 2000 rpm and 3000 rpm is determined. Fluid simulations are performed using a commercial software CFDesign V10. Volumetric flow rates are compared during the intake stroke as well as turbulence intensity factors which characterizes a systems ability to properly mix the Air/Fuel mixture and the combustion efficiency. Some possible improvement on the rotary geometry is suggested. 相似文献
242.
Torque control of engine clutch to improve the driving quality of hybrid electric vehicles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. S. Hwang D. H. Yang H. K. Choi H. S. Kim S. H. Hwang 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2011,12(5):763-768
As a powertrain for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the automatic transmission (AT) is not only convenient for the driver
but also reduces hybridization costs because the existing production line is used to produce the AT. However, it has low fuel
economy due to the torque converter. To overcome this disadvantage, this paper studies HEVs equipped an AT without a torque
converter. In this case, additional torque control is needed to prevent the driving quality from deteriorating. This paper
suggests three different torque control methods and develops a simulator for an HEV that can simulate the dynamic behaviors
of the HEV when the engine clutch is engaged. The HEV drive train is modeled with AMESim, and a controller model is developed
with MATLAB/Simulink. A co-simulation environment is established. By using the developed HEV simulator, simulations are conducted
to analyze the dynamic behaviors of the HEV according to the control methods. 相似文献
243.
Dean A. JonesJulie L. Farkas Orr BernsteinChad E. Davis Adam TurkMark A. Turnquist Linda K. NozickBrian Levine Carmen G. RawlsScott D. Ostrowski William Sawaya 《Research in Transportation Economics》2011,32(1):3-14
International containerized freight movement is a vital part of the supply chain for many companies, and a critical element of moving consumer goods to points of retail sale within the U.S. Containerized imports also present a clear security concern (e.g., terrorists attempting to ship “dirty bombs,” chemical, biological or even nuclear weapons, into the U.S. in a shipping container). The goal of the research presented here is to create a modeling tool for analyzing flows of U.S. imports and exports of containerized freight, and the potential changes in those flows under a variety of conditions (e.g., port disruptions, extensive security-related delays, etc.). Our focus is on movements through maritime container ports, and not overland movements between the U.S. and Canada or Mexico.The network model, referred to as the System for Import/Export Routing and Recovery Analysis (SIERRA), represents container movements between the U.S. and 46 other countries that account for the vast majority of U.S. imports and exports. The SIERRA model is a network equilibrium model that predicts flows between foreign countries and North American ports, the total volumes handled (import and export) by each port, the modal volumes (truck and rail) moving domestically into and out of each port, and volumes between each port and a set of transportation analysis zones within the U.S. 相似文献
244.
Rural seniors are highly dependent on their automobile to meet their trip making needs, yet the effects of aging can make
access to the vehicle difficult or impossible over time. The anticipated growth in the older person population, in concert
with limited travel data available to support rural transportation planning in Canada suggests a disconnect between what rural
older people may require for transportation and the availability of formal alternatives. Many will seek informal alternatives
to driving, such as depending on friends and family, to meet their travel needs, but the degree is not well understood in
the context of their actual vehicle usage and stated ability to adapt. This paper draws from a Global Positioning System (GPS)-based
multi-day travel diary survey of a convenience sample of 60 rural older drivers (29 men, 31 women, average age of 69.6 years)
from New Brunswick, Canada. Participants would rely on “friends and family” for 52% of all trips they undertook as driver
in the survey, “walk or bike” for 14% of trips, and “not take the trip” in 34% of trips if they did not have access to a vehicle.
The formal option of “Transit” was not selected as a viable alternative by any participant for any trip. “Medical trips”,
“Shopping” and “Personal Errands” were the least discretionary of all trip types, yet the most difficult for participants
to find alternate arrangements. This suggests the need to explore different models of service delivery, such as a community-supported,
member-based rural shuttle service with volunteer and paid drivers that build on informal social networks and can provide
service when friends and family are unavailable. 相似文献
245.
Quantifying the benefit of responsive pricing and travel information in the stochastic congestion pricing problem 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lauren M. Gardner Stephen D. Boyles 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2011,45(3):204-218
This paper is concerned with roadway pricing amidst the uncertainty which characterizes long-term transportation planning. Uncertainty is considered both on the supply-side (e.g., the effect of incidents on habitual route choice behavior) and on the demand-side (e.g., due to prediction errors in demand forecasting). The framework developed in this paper also allows the benefits of real-time travel information to be compared directly against the benefits of responsive pricing, allowing planning agencies to identify the value of these policy options or contract terms in publicly-operated toll roads. Specifically, six scenarios reflect different combinations of policy options, and correspond to different solution methods for optimal tolls. Demonstrations are provided on both the Sioux falls and Anaheim networks. Results indicate that providing information to drivers implemented alongside responsive tolling may reduce expected total system travel time by over 9%, though more than 8% of the improvement is due to providing information, with the remaining 1% improvement gained from responsive tolling. 相似文献
246.
Kara M. Kockelman Jason D. Lemp 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2011,45(8):825-838
Pricing of roadways opens doors for infrastructure financing, and congestion pricing seeks to address inefficiencies in roadway operations. This paper emphasizes the revenue-generation opportunities and welfare impacts of flat-tolling schemes, standard congestion pricing, and credit-based congestion pricing policies. While most roadway investment decisions focus on travel time savings for existing trips, this work turns to logsum differences (which quantify changes in consumer surplus) for nested logit specifications across two traveler types, two destinations, three modes and three times of day, in order to arrive at welfare- and revenue-maximizing solutions. This behavioral specification is quite flexible, and facilitates benefit-cost calculations (as well as equity analysis), as demonstrated in this paper.The various cases examined suggest significant opportunities for financing new roadway investment while addressing congestion and equity issues, with net gains for both traveler types. Application results illustrate how, even after roadway construction and maintenance costs are covered, receipts may remain to distribute to eligible travelers so that typical travelers can be made better off than if a new, non-tolled road had been constructed. Moreover, tolling both routes (new and old) results in substantially shorter payback periods (5 versus 20 years) and higher welfare outcomes (in the case of welfare-maximizing tolls with credit distributions to all travelers). The tools and techniques highlighted here illustrate practical methods for identifying welfare-enhancing and cost-recovering investment opportunities, while recognizing multiple user classes and appropriate demand elasticity across times of day, destinations, modes and routes. 相似文献
247.
天津地区某疏浚工程采用大型绞吸船施工,最远吹距达17 km。针对单艘非自航大型绞吸挖泥船无法满足工程长吹距施工的问题,研究大型绞吸船串联施工技术。通过去除自有闲置绞吸船桥架、钢桩定位等系统,并增设锚缆定位等辅助设备的方式,针对串联施工对大型绞吸船进行适应性改造;通过对串联施工多种工况的理论计算,确定两船的最佳施工间距范围,提升大型绞吸船串联系统的生产率和稳定性,保障工程按期完成。结果表明:大型绞吸船串联施工设备改造方案及施工工艺满足工程长吹距施工要求,降低生产成本,减少船舶停滞,提升生产率约24%,效果显著。 相似文献
248.
The practical use of fracture mechanics has been established for use on large turbine and electric generator rotor components used in the atomic power generation and the aircraft industry. Application areas in the offshore industry have also been identified. Fracture mechanics is currently used at the design stage of offshore facilities. It provides the basis for fatigue life prediction, steel selection and tolerance setting on allowable weld imperfections. Fracture mechanics is also used during the operational stage of a structure to make important decisions on inspection scheduling and repair strategies and as a tool for establishing limits on operational conditions. Linear elastic fracture mechanics relies on the use of the stress intensity factor concept. The stress intensity factor is a very important fracture mechanics parameter. Therefore, the accuracy of any fracture mechanics model for the prediction of fatigue crack growth in offshore structures for example will depend very much on the accuracy of the stress intensity factor solution used. Several empirical and semi-empirical solutions have been developed over the years with varying degrees of accuracy. This paper presents a review of some of these methods and attempts to assess their accuracy in predicting Y factors for welded tubular joints by comparing predicted results with experimental data obtained from fatigue tests conducted on large scale welded tubular joints. The experimental results were conducted under simulated service conditions, using a jack-up offshore standard load history (JOSH). A comparison between the experimental and predicted results shows that there may be other factors, which influence fatigue crack growth under variable amplitude conditions. Some of these factors have been identified and discussed in this paper. 相似文献
249.
250.
Patel Hersila H. Messiah Sarah E. Hansen Eric D’Agostino Emily M. 《Transportation》2021,48(5):2315-2333
Transportation - Transportation vulnerability, defined as lack of access to transportation resulting in financial, social, or health consequences, reduces quality of life. While research has... 相似文献