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21.
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由于铁路货运合同自身的特点,当事人对合同每一个细节进行协商是很难的,也是不经济的。从便利当事人、节约谈判成本、提高合同效率的角度出发,各国一般采取两种办法解决大量的合同谈判基础问题:①由服务提供方制定标准合同文本,通过格式合同的形式减少协商的过程,提高签订合同的效率;②通过国家立法的形式,直接规定当事人的权利和义务。前者市场的成份较多, 相似文献
23.
文章对现有16000 DWT油船进行了研究分析,提出增设球艏,对船舶艉型进行改进,寻求桨舵合理配合等多个可行性方案,并进行分析比较及模型试验研究.研究结果表明:尾部线型局部优化改型,节能效果最为明显,所需功率降低23%左右.在相同主机功率下,改型艉方案较原型方案航速可提高0.8 kn.舵型改型也有较好的效果,新设计的高效鱼艉组合舵与原舵相比,船舶所需功率降低约4%,在相同主机功率下,航速可提高0.17 kn,桨舵配合优化取得了较好的结果.本船由于航速较低,兴波阻力在总阻力中所占比例较小,加装球艏意义不大.本船采用"改型艉 改型舵"方案,在相同航速下,主机功率可以节省约27%;在相同主机功率下,航速可提高0.98 kn. 相似文献
24.
以FRP正弦波形夹心桥面板作为研究对象,得到等效正交各项异性实心板,通过理论分析和数值对比,证明了方法的可行性;采用该法对一实际的FRP正弦波形夹心板桥进行了模态分析。 相似文献
25.
A new complex method is presented considering not only the improvement upon the "bad "design point, but also the diversity of the newly generated complex, which is obtained by replacing the "bad "design point with the better design point located at the line between the "bad "design point and the ceotroid of the remaining design points of the old complex. The new complex method is applied to searching for the critical slip surface of two non-homogeneous soil slopes. The comparison of the results obtained by the new complex method with that by the basic complex method shows that the new complex method is much more likely to find the true critical surface for the randomly generated initial complex. 相似文献
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Globalization, liberalization, competition and spatial interaction are significant factors affecting the transformation of manufacturing industries worldwide. In the transportation and logistics industry, however, cooperation is becoming even more critical than competition in determining firms' efficiency. Cooperation has always characterized the liner sector in which strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions have generated twin effects: notable increases in ship size and falls in freight rates. Meanwhile, the stevedoring industry is undergoing privatization-driven consolidation and the emergence of global pure terminal operators. This article focuses on vertical integration between global carriers and terminal operators. We address the following key current issues:
We close analysing one of the core problems of the market, namely the evolving role of the dedicated terminals. For the pure stevedores they represent an opportunity to secure a cargo, while in the hands of the liners they enable cost stability and the possibility to put pressure on pure terminal operators. 相似文献
- dedicated terminals as a strategy for cutting costs and controlling integrated transport chains;
- the struggle for supply chain control, involving global carriers versus global terminal operators, driven by financial power and technical and managerial capability.
We close analysing one of the core problems of the market, namely the evolving role of the dedicated terminals. For the pure stevedores they represent an opportunity to secure a cargo, while in the hands of the liners they enable cost stability and the possibility to put pressure on pure terminal operators. 相似文献
28.
This note investigates the important attributes relating to the crowding effects at the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) stations in Hong Kong. Data was collected at two sets of three MTR stations to study the responses of the passengers due to the discomfort at crowded vehicles and platforms. Stated preference surveys were used to study the effects of passenger discomfort measures. 相似文献
29.
Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, which constitutes a major industrial reduction fishery in the USA, spawn across the northern Gulf of Mexico with a focus of spawning about the Mississippi Delta. This species is estuarine dependent; adults spawn over the continental shelf and their larvae are transported, by mechanisms that are presently not well understood, to estuarine nursery areas. Larval gulf menhaden, along with some other surface oriented larval fishes, appear to aggregate along the Mississippi River plume front, while evidence of the ecological consequences of this aggregation in terms of the feeding, growth, and survival of larvae is ambiguous. On an annual scale, Mississippi River discharge is negatively associated with numbers of half year old recruits. Discharge of the Mississippi River and the population recruitment of gulf menhaden may be plausibly linked through the action of the river's plume and its front on the shoreward transport of larvae. Greater river discharge results in an expansive plume that might project larvae farther offshore and prolong the shoreward transport of larvae. An indirect, decadal scale, positive response of recruitment and river discharge is possible, but not certain. Recruitment became elevated after 1975 when river discharge increased and became highly variable. This response might owe to enhanced primary and secondary production driven by nutrient influx from the Mississippi River. 相似文献
30.
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional Green-Naghdi (GN) models equipped with a numerical wave-absorbing beach have been developed to simulate nonlinear, regular, and irregular wave propagation. The numerical beach is introduced near the downstream boundary to absorb outgoing waves. An appropriate amount of numerical damping and an appropriate length of numerical beach are investigated using numerical experiments. The results show that the GN models with a numerical beach work very well in simulating wave propagation in water in a small computational domain. 相似文献