微格教学原理在专业技能强化训练中的应用

运用微格教学法对学生进行专业技能强化训练，是教学改革的新尝试，教学实验表明：引用微格教学法于专业技能训练是对传统教学模式的有效补充和完善．对学生掌握和提高专业操作技能有积极的促进作用．     

心肌荣口服液对鼠心肌细胞膜流动性的影响

应用荧光探剂标记完整培养心肌细胞膜脂区,用稳态荧光偏振技术观测心肌荣口服液对心肌细胞膜流动性的影响。实验结果表明,培养液中加入异丙基肾上腺素,能使心肌细胞膜流动性明显低于对照组(P<0.05);心肌荣能有效对抗异丙基肾上腺素的这种作用(P<0.05)。提示中药心肌荣口服液具有保护和维持心肌细胞正常功能的作用。     

对公路建设中征地问题的认识

分析了我国公路建设征地过程中存在的若干问题及其产生的根源,并提出了相应的解决措施。     

无级变速混联式混合动力客车能量分配策略

提出一种新型的混联式混合动力系统,该系统采用双电机结构,由大功率的主驱电机代替变速箱实现无级变速。对于客车不同行驶工况的需求,通过整车控制单元改变自动离合器的开合状态,从而实现混合动力系统在串联和并联2种结构间的转换。根据混联式系统的特点,建立了基于模糊逻辑控制的能量分配策略,该策略以油门或制动踏板行程、主减速器输入端转速和电池荷电状态（SOC）为输入来确定发动机和电机的输出转矩。仿真结果表明：模糊逻辑控制比逻辑门限值控制更加适用于混联系统复杂的能量流;和串联或并联系统相比,该无级变速混联系统在降低客车的燃油消耗方面具有明显的优势。     

汽车和摩托车的节油研究

分析了汽车和摩托车车辆本身的结构型式和技术性能与燃油消耗的关系 ,其中包括车辆自身质量、传动效率、空气阻力、滚动阻力以及所配用发动机的结构型式、点火系统、压缩比及配气系统的充气效率等 ;并阐述了提高驾驶水平并保持车况良好也是节油不可忽视的方面。     

Applying Human Systems Integration to the Rapid Acquisition Process

The rapidly changing complexity of the Global War on Terrorism has changed the approach to equipping forward-deployed military forces. Combatant Commanders conducting operations now require timely materiel solutions to enhance mission capabilities and reduce the risk for individual soldiers. To address this challenge, the US Army established the Rapid Equipping Force to assess emerging requirements, to propose solutions to those requirements, and to implement those solutions in an expedient time frame. Unfortunately, the REF lacks a consistent analytical methodology for assessing alternative materiel solutions. To address the need for a human systems integration (HSI) analysis method, the authors developed an Assessment-Based Rapid Acquisition HSI Analysis Method (ABRAHAM) capable of generating tailored surveys and evaluating these surveys for unacceptable risks to soldiers. To validate ABRAHAM's concept and content, ABRAHAM was showcased in three Department of Defense settings: the Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group, the REF, and the US Marine Corps' Operational Test and Evaluation Activity. The ABRAHAM appears to fill a gap in the current library of HSI tools. Based on the feedback provided during the product showcases, there is sufficient interest and technological maturity to further develop ABRAHAM to serve both the traditional and rapid acquisition processes.     

福建非饱和花岗岩残积土强度特性的试验研究

为了解非饱和花岗岩残积土强度特性,以福建地区典型花岗岩残积土为例,采用应变控制式三轴仪对3种土样分别进行不同含水量和围压条件下的固结不排水和不固结不排水试验,并探讨了吸力对抗剪强度的贡献。试验结果表明:花岗岩残积土的应力-应变关系为强化型;剪切破坏以轴向应变过大引起的中部鼓出为主,出现剪切破坏的较少;UU试验指标与CU指标大小之间不存在单一的关系;黏粒含量对黏聚力的影响极为显著;吸力强度与非饱和度的倒数之间呈良好的线性关系。     

Livelihoods,daily mobility and poverty in sub-saharan Africa

Based on research funded by the UK Department for International Development, this paper investigates the utility of a livelihoods approach in identifying the mobility and accessibility needs of the poor. Mobility patterns and livelihoods of stratified samples of households in urban-to-rural corridors originating in the national capital cities of Zimbabwe and Uganda are compared, with emphasis on the poor's position relative to higher income groups. It is found that livelihood work was the most frequent purpose of short-distance travel for all income groups and localities, amounting to 38% of trip purposes in Uganda and 46% in Zimbabwe. On average, Zimbabweans were more mobile making more daily trips over longer distances reflective of greater reliance on motorized transport in the country. Nonetheless, walking dominates modal journeys in both countries. Ugandans display heavier dependence on bicycle and motorcycle transport primarily through taxi hire compared with Zimbabweans' private care and public kombi bus transport. Survey evidence suggests that Uganda's poor and middle-incomed urban and rural residents benefit from more widely available multimodal public transport.     

National policy towards cars: Singapore

Singapore has experienced rapid growth in car ownership, and private transport accounts for just under half of motorized trips in Singapore. Yet only since 1970 have determined efforts been made to curtail this increase. Simultaneously with this growth, Singapore's land‐use planners had called for the diversion of population growth into outlying residential estates while maintaining the central area's importance as an employment centre. The resulting anticipated concentration of commuter movement suggested a need for controls to restrain car ownership, reduce central‐area congestion and divert road users on to public transport. The policies followed are described. Those against ownership have included heavy road taxes and registration fees, with a system of discounts on the latter to discourage new purchasers except when replacing scrapped cars. Policies against car use include fuel taxes and the Area Licensing Scheme in the city centre, while parking space is also closely regulated. The measures adopted imply a goal of efficiency in promoting Singapore's planning objectives rather than environmental, safety or equity considerations, although the first two of these have lately received much more attention than formerly. The policies’ effect has been a temporary reversal in the growth of car ownership, but this growth has since resumed and recent further fee increases suggest a panic reaction rather than a coordinated strategy. Such coordination appears at present to be hampered by the fragmented administration of matters relating to transport. Other measures relating to car ownership and use in Singapore are also described.     

Current operational urban land‐use–transport modelling frameworks: A review

Various alternative frameworks are available for modelling urban land‐use–transport interaction. This paper provides a detailed review of six of these frameworks that have been or are currently being used to develop operational models. The intention is to indicate what is the general nature of the current state of practice and what is now available for practical modelling work in the area. The intention is also to compare the current state of practice with what might be the ideal in various respects. The six frameworks reviewed (ITLUP, MEPLAN, TRANUS, MUSSA, NYMTC‐LUM and UrbanSim) are considered in terms of their representations of physical systems, decision‐makers and processes, along with various more general modelling and implementation issues. None matches the ideal as envisaged here in all respects. However, a wide range of policy considerations can be handled explicitly with what is available, and more recent developments show an encouraging trend towards expansion in the scope of what can be considered. Further strengthening of the behavioural basis and relaxation of some of the more restrictive assumptions would appear to be both appropriate and likely in the future.