Managing transportation during highway reconstruction: A recommended process

Major highway reconstruction can cause significant disruptions to existing travel patterns and economic activity. Reducing these impacts on travelers, shippers, businesses and residents requires that innovative and effective transportation management actions be developed and implemented. This paper reports the major findings and recommendations of a research study on managing transportation during highway, reconstruction. The primary objectives of the study were

Joint development at transit stations in the United States

Joint development, as the term is generally used in connection with transit systems in the United States, is real estate development that is closely linked to public transportation services and station facilities, and takes advantage of the market and locational advantages provided by them. Research conducted by LEK Associates for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) suggests that, in addition to helping shape urban growth and land development, joint development is also a surprisingly effective means of increasing transit system ridership and farebox revenues, as well as a source of increasingly significant revenues from the sale or lease of air rights.The completion of nine joint development projects in as many different cities, started under the former Urban Initiatives Program, for example, net additional annual ridership might reach 12000000 one-way trips. Net additional annual farebox revenues might reach over $9000000. This added revenue would be sufficient to repay the $62 million combined UMTA/transit operator investment in the nine projects, exclusive of the costs of the basic transit system improvements around which the projects are planned, in less than six years.Among transit authority-administered joint development programs examined in a separate study, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) has had the most success in generating significant value capture income. For example, the cumulative revenue realized by WMATA from just six joint development projects in the Washington, DC region, through September 1983 exceeded $ 6.9 million. Projections through fiscal year 1986 indicate cumulative revenues approximating $ 28 million will be received from developer leases.     

Urban transportation modeling: The discussion continues

This article is a response to John Polak's article, entitled, A Comment on Supernak's Critique of Transport Modeling, published elsewhere in this issue of TRANSPORTATION. It offers necessary clarifications to the issues discussed in an earlier article in this journal (Supernak, 1983). It also responds to the philosophical issues discussed in Polak's article, such as the nature of transport phenomena, and the role, form and methodology of transport modeling.     

Regional impacts of new transport infrastructure: a multisectoral potentials approach

This is the second of two background papers sponsored for the Symposium by the Administrative Commission for the north of the Netherlands. Its purpose is to provide an indication of the effects of the proposed high speed rail line between Amsterdam, Groningen and Hamburg on employment in the corridor. The authors first review the techniques of forecasting these effects discussed in the literature. The potentials approach is adopted for their analysis, the mathematics and underlying assumptions of which are presented. Finally, this model is run to provide an estimate of the impact on regional employment of three variants of the proposed rail line.     

The design of bus route systems — An interactive location-allocation approach

An interactive modelling approach is developed to solve the practical problem of bus route network design. Possible bus routes are identified with facilities which can be located. Zones or pairs of zones in the urban area are identified with customers who will be allocated to the established facilities. It is shown that the classical Set Covering Problem is useful under the assumption of fixed demand; the Simple Plant Location Problem is effective under the assumption of demand which is sensitive to the level of bus service provided.     

人类仿真技术在铁路系统中的应用

摘要：对应用于铁路人机工程学的人类仿真方法进行了总结,即一种仿真器是采用虚拟现实技术来模拟环境,例如驾驶仿真器、乘坐舒适度仿真器、铁路车站仿真器等。另一类仿真器则采用计算机仿真技术来评价列车司机工作时承受的精神负担、列车碰撞引起的旅客运动方式及损伤等。     

黄土地区地铁盾构下穿铁路变形控制技术

研究目的:黄土地区某城市地铁2号线盾构施工下穿既有陇海铁路线是一个盾构施工中的I级风险源,为保证地铁盾构施工安全下穿陇海线路,开展了盾构施工穿越既有铁路的变形控制技术研究,以为盾构安全施工提供技术支撑。研究结论:(1)黄土地区地铁盾构下穿既有陇海线路的地表沉降规律:不采取控制措施盾构施工时,路基右线隧道轴线正上方的沉降量为20.48 mm,左线隧道轴线正上方的沉降量为12.85 mm,左右线隧道的轴线上的沉降量均超出了沉降允许值;采取严格控制土压力、盾构匀速通过、严格控制注浆量、减少盾构推进方向的改变等减小地铁盾构下穿既有铁路施工风险的措施盾构施工时,右线隧道轴线正上方的沉降量为5.44 mm,左线隧道轴线上方的沉降量为4.95 mm,均小于变形允许值。(2)FLAC计算预测的变形规律与实际值基本一致,地表和铁路路基的变形量在允许范围内;减小地铁盾构下穿既有铁路施工风险的措施合理有效。(3)该研究成果可应用于黄土地区地铁盾构下穿铁路施工变形控制。     

SVG在地铁工程中的应用

介绍了国内首例在地铁工程中应用的SVG装置的设计过程和试运行情况,从装置的原理和设备组成的特点等方面分析了SVG装置在地铁工程中应用的优势。以大量的实测数据客观反映了SVG装置的运行特性和对地铁供电系统的无功补偿效果。     

新型长行程旁承的性能研究

对新型长行程旁承进行了介绍,根据长行程旁承的性能特点,结合国内使用环境,对弹性旁承在常温、低温和高温环境下的储存及落车方法、疲劳性能和动力学运行情况等进行了研究.     

基于贝叶斯网络的轨道交通司机胜任力评价

根据调查分析得到轨道交通司机胜任力评价的4个一级评价指标和16个二级评价指标。将此评价指标作为变量,基于贝叶斯网络原理,构建司机胜任力贝叶斯网络。选取职业心理特征和职业理论特征作为中间节点,规章制度掌握程度、车辆理论知识水平、学习能力和复杂反应能力作为父节点,司机胜任力作为子结点,得到简化的司机胜任力子贝叶斯网络。利用该子贝叶斯网络对实例的分析结果表明:司机职业心理特征对司机胜任力影响较大;评价结果准确地反映了司机胜任力各项评价指标间的相互作用关系;该方法可为司机的选拔、培训和退役提供定量分析的依据。